Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P 2 Final
Study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The right and left cerebral hemisphere are separated from each other by _____. | Longitudinal Fissure |
| Fast pain is localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers. | True |
| The amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus are involved in such feelings as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain. | True |
| A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a _____ neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter _____. | preganglionic; ACh |
| The occipital lobe is | the principal visual center of the brain |
| These are all accessory structures of the eye except | Cornea |
| The _____ is an especially important center of autonomic control. | Hypothalamus |
| Vitamin A is a necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin. | True |
| Muscarinic receptors bind | Acetylcholine |
| Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by | Hypothalamus |
| The Wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language. | True |
| The cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) of the eyeball. | True |
| When you travel in an elevator, the _____ senses when the elevator is moving. | hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi |
| The hippocampus and amygdala are structures found in | Limbic system |
| The primary olfactory cortex is located in the | Temporal lobes |
| The medulla oblongata originate from | The myelencephalon |
| The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are found in | Medulla oblongata |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the _____ ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the _____. | lateral, third, and fourth; superior sagittal sinus |
| Nerve fibers from all regions of the retina converge on the _____ and exit the eye by the way of the optic nerve | Optic disc |
| Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely to be related to a lesion in the | Cerebellum |
| _____ is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the thalamus. | Smell |
| Acetylcholine (ACh) always has an excitatory effects. | False |
| Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by | Chemoreceptors |
| The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are derivatives of the embryonic | Diencephalon |
| Somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes. These are all reasons for this except | effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord |
| Pain, heat, and cold are detected by | free nerve endings |
| The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a local electrical change specifically called | receptor potential |
| This is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face. | Trigeminal Nerve (V) |
| The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the | Skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis |
| Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium. | True |
| This enzyme breaks down norepinephrine(NE) | Monoamine axidase (MAO) |
| Sympathetic nerve fibers are not associated with situation involving | Digestion |
| The crista ampullaris is associated with | Dynamic equilibrium related to angular acceleration |
| In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called _____ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to _____ its beats per minute. | Baroreceptors; decrease |
| Purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum | True |
| _____ are responsible for photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision. | Cones |
| Which structures allow upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity? | The auditory tube |
| These are all features of the sympathetic division except _____. | it has long preganglionic fibers |
| White rami carry _____ neurons, while gray rami carry _____ neurons. | myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic |
| Half of the fibers of each nerve decussate at the _____. | Optic chiasm |
| _____ is the background rate of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. | Autonomic tone |
| Sympathetic Fibers do not release _____. | Nitric Oxide (NO) |
| Sympathetic fibers only arise from the _____ region(s) of the spinal cord. | Thoracic and Lumbar |
| The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion. | True |
| Binding of Norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor is inhibitory. | True |
| From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in this order: | Duramater, arachoid, pia mater |
| This organ does not have nociceptors: | Brain |
| You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell fades. What explains this phenomenon? | The phasic nature of the sense of smell |
| ______ nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing. | Splanchnic |
| Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are normally active simultaneously. | True |
| Stimuli produced by soundwaves reach the brain following the pathway: | Auditory canal –> tympanic membrane –> ossicles –> oval window –> cochlear duct -> spiral organ –> fibers of cochlear nerve |
| Most fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system travel in _____. | The vagus nerve |
| Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in _____. | The thalamus |
| The neurotransmitter associated with autonomic ganglia is | Acetylcholine |
| Preganglionic fibers run from | Posterior root ganglia to autonomic ganglia. |
| The ovulated egg is at | Metaphase II |
| The most abundant estrogen of pregnancy is _____, but the one that accounts for the most of the estrogenic effects in pregnancy is ________. | Estriol; Estradiol |
| When do the testes start secreting testosterone? | in the first trimester of fetal development |
| Mammary glands develop within the breast primarily | during pregnancy |
| After puberty, the vaginal lining becomes ____ to _____. | stratified squamous epithelium; resist abrasion |
| The ______ is the gonad and the ________ is the gamete. | testis; sperm |
| The _____ arteries rhythmically constrict and dilate causing the uterine mucosa to blanch and flush with blood. | spiral |
| The first haploid stage of spermatogenesis is prophase II. | False (telophase I) |
| The penis is homologous to | the clitoris |
| _____ are feminizing hormones. | estrogens |
| The slow block refers to the mechanism that prevents fertilization of another egg when one is already pregnant. | False |
| Why would an enlarged prostate gland interfere with urination? | it compresses the urethra |
| The basis of pregnancy test kit is the presence of ______, which is secreted by the _______. | human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg); blastocyst and placenta |
| _____ have 46 chromosomes, whereas _______ have 23. | primary spermatocytes; spermatids |
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulates the corpus luteum to grow and secrete estrogen and progesterone. | True |
| By volume, most of the semen is produced in the | seminal vesicles |
| Which one of three organ systems shows the greatest anatomical change in the transitional period after birth? | Circulatory system |
| The ovarian cycle typically lasts about 28 days, with day 1 considered to be the first day after ovulation. | False |
| In the female fetus, the absence of testosterone results in the development of the external genitalia into clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora. | True |
| A sperm count any lower than ______ million sperm per mL of semen is usually associated with infertility (sterility). | 20 to 25 |
| Which hormone suppresses spermatogenesis without affecting testosterone secretion? | Inhibin |
| Sperm must travel to the distal end of the uterine tube to encounter the egg before it dies. | True |
| Men have only one ________ but have two of all the rest of these. | prostate gland(s) |
| Gonads begin to develop | 5 to 6 weeks after fertilization |
| The number of ovarian follicles declines with age, leading to a reduction of estrogen levels. | True |
| ______ inhibits the secretion of ________ during the female sexual cycle. | estradiol and progesterone: FSH and LH |
| Muscular weakness tends to develop in old age for all of the following reason except. | Myocytes do not synthesize myosin anymore. |
| After expelling the oocyte, the follicle becomes the _______ and secretes ________. | corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone |
| Prior to ejaculation, ________ in the sperm plasma membrane prevents premature release of _____. | cholesterol; acrosomal enzymes |
| Which of the following is an androgen? | testosterone |
| Trophoblastic nutrition refers to the nutrition of the conceptus before it implants. | False |
| The penile urethra is enclosed by the | corpus spongiosum |
| The _____ phase is the one associated with menstrual cramps and typically occurs _______ of the cycle. | premenstrual; days 27 to 28 |
| During implantation, the embryoblast undergoes gastrulation. | True |
| ________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________. | luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone |
| Oogenesis starts | during embryonic development |
| The presence of the Y chromosome guarantee the development of male secondary sex organs. | True |
| The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is | the pampiniform plexus of veins |
| As it implants, the conceptus is nourished by means of | trophoblastic nutrition |
| Which of these organ systems faces the greatest physiological challenge in the transitional period after birth? | respiratory system |
| Which of the following major events of prenatal development happens first? | the central nervous system begins to form |
| The appearance of pubic and axillary hair is a stage specifically called | pubarche |
| A follicle is | an oocyte enclosed in follicular or granulosa cells |
| Congenital anomalies can result from all of the following except. | smoking during lactation |
| The uterus is a thick muscular chamber inferior to the urinary bladder. | False (superior) |
| At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes. | False |
| Telomeres | are DNA segments at each end of a chromosome. |
| Which of these blood hormone levels reaches its maximum during the luteal phase? | progesterone |
| During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. | several follicles are developing antrums |
| The heat loss of the neonate is compensated for to some extend by the thermal insulation provided by brown fat. | True |
| These all have potentially teratogenic effects except | sunlight |
| Senescence of the immune system makes older people more subject to cancer and disease because of a decline in | antigen-presenting cells and helper T-cells |
| Erection is | an autonomic reflex mediated predominantly by parasympathetic nerve fibers |
| An infant’s only source of nutrition during the first 2-3 days postpartum is | colostrum |
| During the follicular phase, granulosa cells secrete _____, which stimulates secretion of _____. | Estradiol; LH |
| All of the following play a role in thermoregulation of the testes except | the bulbospongiosus muscle. |
| The _____ is an example of the female external genitalia. | Clitoris |
| Which of the following events happens first? | the acrosomal reaction |
| Oogenesis starts | during embryonic development |
| The observation that there is a limit to how many times a cell can divide is the basis for the | replicative senescence theory |
| The first body cavity is called the | coelom |
| The nonpregnant uterine wall consists mostly of _____, which is composed of _____. | Myometrium; bundles of smooth muscle |
| Primary germ layers are formed during | Implantation |
| The _____ completely encloses the embryo and provides a stable environment for it. | Amnion |
| Testosterone stimulates development of the secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis, and libido. | True |
| In early pregnancy, _____ stimulates growth of the corpus luteum. | Human chorionic gonadotropin |
| The _____ provides fetal nutrition and secretes hormones that regulate pregnancy and fetal development. | Placenta |
| Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini. | True |
| Which of the following are primary sex organs? | Ovaries |
| Oxygenated blood reaches the fetus through the | umbilical vein |
| Senescence begins at different ages and progresses at different rates in different organ systems. | True |
| During the plateau phase, the glans and clitoris swell as the _____ arteries dilate and the corpus or corpora ______ engorge with blood. | Deep; cavernosa |
| The first 6 weeks of postpartum life constitute | the neonatal period |
| In the excitement phase, the uterus rises from its forward-tilted (anteverted) position. | True |
| The term menstrual cycle specifically refers to | the cyclic changes in the uterus determined by shifting hormonal changes |
| The ovulated egg is | a secondary oocyte |
| Changes called male climacteric are a consequence of | increased secretion of FSH and LH |
| The process that makes it possible for sperm to penetrate the egg is called | capacitation |
| Which is the longest stage of labor? | The dilation (first) stage |
| Unlike men, women lack a refractory period and may experience successive orgasms. | True |
| Lutein cells develop from | The theca interna |
| When it is cold, the _____ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm. | Cremaster muscle |
| Prolactin is secreted during pregnancy to stimulate milk synthesis so that milk will be available by the time the infant is born. | True |
| The basis for contraceptive pills is that they mimic the _____ feedback effect of _____. | Negative; estrogens and progesterone |
| As a result of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, the final cells produced are called _____, but they and all the stages leading up to them an be called _____. | Gametes; germ cells |
| Myotonia of skeletal muscles is characteristic of the excitement phase and refractory period. | True |
| In meiosis, each parent cell produces | four haploid cells |
| Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach. | False |
| These are all accessory organs of the digestive system except | spleen |
| Most fat is digested by pancreatic lipase. | True |
| Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus? | Podocytes |
| The _____ regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow, and its neurons are found in the _____. | Enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externa |
| Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein? | Interlobular v. > arcuate v. > interlobar v. > renal v. |
| Hypocalcemia stimulates | secretion of parathyroid hormone |
| A renal pyramid voids urine into | the minor calyx |
| The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLP) | transports glucose and sodium from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells |
| The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue. | True |
| Enamel is found in the crown of a tooth, whereas dentin is part of both crown and root. | True |
| _____ is a hormone, whereas _____ is an enzyme. | Secretin; pepsin |
| Proteins are digested by different enzymes acting in the following sequence | pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase |
| The enterogastric reflex serves to | inhibit gastric motility when there is chime in the small intestine |
| Pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to the hormone | cholecystokinin (CCK) |
| Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation? | Diuretics |
| The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is | To supply salt and urea to the renal medulla |
| Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence. | True |
| The brush borders of intestinal absorptive cells contain numerous goblet cells. | True |
| The enteric nervous system regulates much of the digestive activity but its action depends on the central nervous system. | False |
| The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestines fro the abdominal wall are called. | Mesenteries |
| The ____ of the small intestine is/are similar to the _____ of the stomach. | Intestinal crypts; gastric pits |
| The small intestine is suspended from the abdominal wall by | the mesentery |
| This by-product of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste. | Urea |
| The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as what? | The myogenic mechanism |
| The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water | True |
| Chylomicrons are secreted from the basal surface of the absorptive cells and taken into the lacteal in the villus. | True |
| _____ is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions. | The gastric phase |
| Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine? | Triglycerides |
| Chemical digestion breaks down _____ into _____. | Nucleic acids; nucleotides |
| The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below. | False (posterior) |
| The muscle tone of the _____ along the colon contracts it lengthwise, causing its walls to bulge and form pouches called ______. | Taeniae coli; haustra |
| Which muscle is located in the bladder? | Detrusor |
| Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except | preventing sodium loss in the urine |
| _____ break(s) down _____. | Peptidases; proteins |
| Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system? | Collecting duct |
| Which is not a function of the kidneys? | They release waste into the bloodstream |
| Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. Which one has them in the correct order from lumen to external surface? | Lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa |
| The innermost layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as | the fibrous capsule |
| Both pancreatic juice and bile are secreted into the duodenum. | True |
| The countercurrent multiplier recaptures _____ and is based on fluid flowing in _____ direction in two adjacent tubules. | Sodium; the opposite |
| Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by | the proximal convoluted tubule |
| Defecation is stimulated by | stretching of the rectum |
| The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate. | True |
| Micturition is another term for | the elimination of urine |
| Which organ system does not excrete waste? | The cardiovascular system |
| Infants have _____ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have _____ permanent teeth. | 20; 32 |
| The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the | glomerulus |
| In a healthy kidney, very little _____ is filtered by the glomerulus. | Protein |
| The swallowing center is located in | the medulla oblongata |
| Carbohydrate digestion begins in the _____, whereas protein digestion begins in the _____. | Mouth; stomach |
| All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of | the thin segment of the nephron loop |
| Which of these is the site of contact digestion? | Brush border of the small intestine |
| Aldosterone acts on | the distal convoluted tubule |
| Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except | glucose |
| Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by forming | chylomicrons |
| Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach. | True |
| Pepsinogen is produced by _____ and is activated by _____. | Chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCL) secreted by parietal cells |
| In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by | deaminating amino acids |
| _____ is the physiological process that moves a nutrient from the outside to the inside of the body. | Absorption |
| Gastric juice consists entirely of water and hydrochloric acid. | False |
| Blood plasma is filtered in | the renal corpuscle |
| These are normally found in saliva except | protease |
| Acid reflux into the esophagus (heartburn) is normally prevented by | the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
| Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone? | Decreased urine volume |
| _____ transport lipids to the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells, which process them into _____. | Micelles; chylomicrons |
| Renin hydrolizes angiotensinogen released from the _____ to form angiotensin I. | Liver |
| Hydrochloric acid (HCL) is secreted by _____ cells. | Parietal |
| The small intestine has a very large absorptive surface associated with these structures except | rugae |
| A hepatic (portal) triad consists of | bile ductule, branch of hepatic artery, and branch of hepatic portal vein |
| Bacterial flora carry out all of the following except | digest most of the proteins we get in the diet |
| Odor, sight and taste stimulate salivatory nuclei in the cerebral cortex. | True |
| _____ is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. | Glucagon |
| Negative feedback inhibition occurs when | Thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary |
| This hormone plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness. | Melatonin |
| Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect. | True |
| _____ has more target cells in the body than any of the others | Growth Hormone (GH) |
| These are all secreted by the pancreas except | Somatotropin |
| T4 and T3 are _____ hormones that are mainly transported _______ in the blood. | Monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) |
| ______ aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant). | Basophils |
| The hypophyseal portal system connects | The anterior pituitary (adendohypophysis) with the hypothalamus |
| Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via | Negative Feedback inhibition |
| ______ is not a steroid hormone | Insulin |
| These are all hypothalamic hormones except | Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| Even a small quantity of hormone can have a strong effect on its target cell because of | Up-regulation |
| What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? | The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone |
| The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) secretes | Oxytocin (OT) |
| Many hours after a meal, alpha (a) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans) secrets. | Glucagon, which raises blood glucose |
| Prostaglandins have all of the following roles except. | To stop fever and pain |
| The ______ secrete ________, which promotes NA+ and water retention | Adrenal cortex; aldosterone |
| The ______ secrete a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes, alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system. | The thyroid gland |
| The infundibulum is | A projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs |
| The _______ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function. | Kidney |
| _________ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells). | Thymus |
| This gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions. | Ovary |
| ________ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue and stimulate their physiology. | Paracrines |
| The initial response to stress is called ______ and is mediated mainly by ______. | The alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine. |
| Endocrine glands | Release their secretions directly into the blood. |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the | Kidneys |
| Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones. | True |
| The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation (stress responses) sets in only if protein reserves are depleted. | False |
| Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of | Fibrinogen |
| When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by | Plasmin |
| Many RBCs die in the | Spleen and liver |
| Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood | False |
| Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by | Negative feedback inhibition |
| Blood does not | Produce plasma hormones |
| The ABO blood group is determined by ______ in the plasma membrane of RBCs. | Glycolipids |
| The main reason why an individual AB, RH-negative cannot donate blood to an individual A, RH-positive is because | Anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor. |
| Leukopoiesis begins with differentiation of | Pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs) |
| Most clotting factors are synthesized in the | Liver |
| The blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs. | False |
| All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except | The presence of tissue thromboplastin |
| Type AB blood has ______ RBC antigen | A and B |
| A deficiency of _____ can cause pernicious anemia | Vitamin B12 |
| The viscosity of blood is due more to _______ than to any other factor. | Erothrocytes |
| These are the least abundant formed elements. | Basophils |
| Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory. | True |
| Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBC's antigens. | True |
| After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis. | True |
| Platelets release _______, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm. | Serotonin |
| Platelets do not secrete | Throbopoietin |
| Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow. | True |
| _______ is not found in plasma | Glycogen |
| Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by | A negative feedback loop |
| Cardiac muscle shares this feature with skeletal muscle. | Cardiac muscle fibers have striations |
| When the left ventricle contracts, the ______ valve closes and the ______ valve is pushed open. | Mitral, aortic |
| Mitral valve stenosis causes blood to leak back into the _____ when the ventricles contract. | Left atrium |
| Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by | Pressure gradients |
| This is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left ventricle (LV) | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje Fibers, Cardiocyte in LV |
| The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of | Slow Ca2+ channels |
| The ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole | False |
| Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the ventricles contract. | True |
| Cardiac muscle can only use glucose as source of organic fuel. | False |
| Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the ______ of the electrocardiogram. | R wave |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle | Can cause systemic edema |
| The Frank- Starling Law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to | The end-diastolic volume |
| The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only. | True |
| Cells of the sinoatrial node _______ during the pacemaker potential | Depolarize slow |
| _________ is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart. | Parietal pericardium |
| ________ increases stroke volume. | Increased venous return |
| The pacemaker potential is a result of | NA+ inflow |
| This is the correct sequence of the cardiac cycle | Ventricular filling> isovolumetric contraction> ventricular ejection> isovolumetric relaxation |
| The _________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction. | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Atrial systole begins __________ | Immediately after the P wave |
| The triscupid regulates the opening between _________ | The right atrium and the right ventricle |
| The pulmonary circuit is supplied by the left and right sides of the heart. | False |
| Which of these is not part of the cardiac conduction system. | The tendinous cords (TC) |
| An abnormal cardiac rhythm is call a | Arrhythmia |
| ________ carry oxygen-poor blood. | Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries |
| Atrial depolarization causes | The P wave |
| Oxygen poor blood passes through | The right AV valve and pulmonary valve |
| During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles | Rises rapidly |
| Most of the ventricle filling occurs | During atrial diastole |
| Blood flow is pulsatile in arteries and veins, but it is steady in capillaries. | False |
| ___________ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens. | Eosinophils |
| Hypertension is commonly considered to be chronic resting blood pressure higher than | 140/90 |
| These are all vessels of the lower limb except | The anterior interocosseous artery |
| _________ by the capillaries at the venous end. | Oxygen and glucose are taken up |
| T cells undergo positive selection in the thymus, which means | They multiply and form clones of identical T cells |
| The most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of the capillary is | Blood colloid osmotic pressure |
| Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n) | Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein |
| The principal venous drainage of the thoracic organs is accomplished by way of | The azygos system |
| The radial artery is lateral to the ulnar artery | True |
| The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is called | Inspiratory reserve volume |
| Special lymphatic vessels called lacteals absorb dietary _________ that are not absorbed by the blood | Lipids |
| Generalized vasomotion can raise or lower blood pressure throughout the body | True |
| All of these increase blood pressure except | Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| ________ has the most important effect on blood velocity. | Vessel radius |
| The majority of T cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for the encounter with foreign antigens in | The lymphatic tissues |
| Helper T (TH) cells do not | Secrete fever-producing chemicals |
| Vaccination stimulates | Artificial active immunity |
| Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has ___________ antigen-bonding site(s) | Two |
| Cytotoxic T cells respond only to antigens bound to MHC-I proteins | True |
| Carbon dioxide is transported by all of the following means except | Carbonate |
| Which of the following does not have cilia? | Respiratory bronchioles |
| This is the longest vein, and portions of this vein are commonly used as grafts in coronary bypass surgery | The great saphenous vein |
| Antibodies do not | Differentiate into memory antibodies, which upon re-exposure to the same pathogen would mount a quicker attack |
| Vasomotion is associated with the presence of | Smooth muscle in the tunica media |
| Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called ________ and a vasodilator called ________. | Heparin; histamine |
| Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your respiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1200 mL. Your vital capacity is ________ mL. | 4700 (VC = IRV + TV + ERV) |
| Increased capillary filtration, reduced reabsorption, or obstruction of lymphatic drainage can lead to edema. | True |
| The addition of CO2 to the blood generates ________ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen. | Hydrogen |
| This is the only lymphatic organ with afferent lymphatic vessels | Lymph node |
| One characteristic of the immune responses is specificity. This means that | Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen |
| Red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system | True |
| ________ have the thickest tunica media. | Large arteries |
| The maximum amount of air the lungs can contain is known as inspiratory capacity. | False (Total Lung Capacity) |
| Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa. | True |
| _________ states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases. | Dalton's law |
| The upper respiratory tract extends | From the nose through the larynx |
| _________ does not contribute to venous return. | Widespread vasodilation |
| Interferons are secreted in response to bacterial infections. | False |
| Erythrocytes do not carry out aerobic respiration; thus, they do not consume any of the oxygen they are transporting. | True |
| Immune surveillance is a process in which ________ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and decreased host cells. | Natural killer (NK) cells |
| The ________ supplies 80% of the cerebrum. | Internal carotid artery |
| Congestive heart failure results in which of the following? | Ischemic hypoxia |
| The pleurae and pleural fluid help prevent the spread of pulmonary infection to the pericardium. | True |
| The velocity of blood flow decreases when | Viscosity increases |
| This is the class of immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn. | IgA |
| According to the Bohr effect, a low level of oxyhemoglobin enables the blood to transport more CO2. | False |
| This organ shows a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age. | Thymus |
| All of these increase blood pressure except | Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| A lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli is | Emphysema |
| _____________ are antimicrobial proteins | Interferons |
| What is the mean arterial pressure for a person with 110 and 65 mm Hg as systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively? | 80 mm Hg; 1/3(SBP-DBP)+DBP= or 1/3(110-65)+65=80 |
| The three primary branches of the celiac trunk are the common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic veins | False |
| This is the first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation | Margination |
| Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is _______ mL/min. | 4200; (AVR = (500-150)x12 = 4200) |
| The vasomotor center of the _________ controls vessels throughout the body. | Medulla oblongata |
| The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates | Artificial passive immunity |
| ____________ shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary permeability. | Septic |
| ____________ is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation | Impaired use |
| Before B cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into | Plasma cells |
| All of the following can act as antigen-presenting cells except | T cells |
| The cerebral arterial circle ( circle of Willis) is | An anastomosis surrounding the pituitary gland |
| Most blood is in the | Veins |
| Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other | True |
| _________ would not increase capillary filtration. | Dehydration |
| A pyrogen is a substance that causes | Fever |
| The most important force driving filtration of the arterial end of a capillary is | Blood hydrostatic pressure |
| Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? | It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators |
| Erythrocytes do not carry out aerobic respiration; thus, they do not consume any of the oxygen they are transporting. | True |
| These are all veins of the upper limb except | The great saphenous vein |
| ___________ has the most important effect on the blood velocity. | Vessel radius |
| The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the | Nasal fossae |
| Most tissue fluid is reabsorbed by the lymphatic system. | False |
| From superior to inferior, the major branches of the abdominal aorta are | Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries. |
| Antigen-presenting cells usually display processed antigens to T cells in | Liver |
| Thromboplastin | converts prothrombin into thrombin |
| Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except | hydrogen ions |
| List the 12 Cranial Nerves. | Olfactory (I), Optic (II), Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Trigenimal (V),Adbudens (VI), Facial (VII), Vestibulocochlear (VIII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII) |
Created by:
biscuit2011
Popular Anatomy sets