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Muscle Anatomy 2013
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 major functional characteristics of muscle? | contractility, excitability, extendability, elasticity |
| what is contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| what is excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| what is extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| what is elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| what do muscles help produce? | heat that is essential for maintenance of normal body temperature |
| what is epimysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle |
| what is fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. it surrounds and separates muscles |
| what is perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi |
| what is muscle fasciculi | numerous visible bundles |
| what are fibers | fasciculi composed of single muscle cells |
| what is endomysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber |
| what are myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| what are the 2 major types of protein fibers? | actin and myosin |
| what are actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments that resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
| what are myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments that resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
| what are sarcomeres | highly ordered units formed by actin and myosin |
| what is resting membrane potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| what is action potential | the breif reversal back of the charge |
| nerve cell that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| what enters the muscle and branch | axons |
| each branch that connects to the muscle forms a _________, or __________ near the center of the cell | neuromusclular junction, or synapse |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called ______ | motor unit |
| how is a neuromusclular junction formed | an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane |
| what is the enlarged nerve terminal called | presynaptic terminal |
| what is the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft and the muscle fiber is the postsynaptic terminal |
| each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter called________ | acetycholine |
| what is the acetylcholinesterase | acetylcholine released into synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell, rapidly broken down by the enzymes. |
| erector spinae | found in each stride of the back |
| what is the erector spinae do | it is responsible for erect posture |
| what is the external intercostals | it is the contract during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | is the contract during forced expiration |
| what is the dome shaped muscle | diaphram |
| what does the diaphram do | it is responsible for quiet breathing |
| what are the abs called | rectus abdominus |
| the white line of connective tissue that extends from the sternum to the pubis is called the | linea alba |
| tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominus in 3 places & forms a segregated look in the abs |
| two types of external abdominal obliques | internal and tranverse |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| what 2 muscles attach the arm to the thorax | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
| Triceps brachii | extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm. |
| Retinaculum (bracelet) | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons |
| Flexor carpi | flexes the wrist. |
| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers. |
| Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles,located within the hand |
| Gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| Gluteus medius | hip muscle and common injection site |
| Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
| Sartorius | “tailors muscle”; flexes the thigh |
| Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle |
| a muscle fiber is surrounded by the | endomysium |
| the whole muscle is surrounded by 2 layers of tissue called | facia and epimysium |
| a muscle is composed of numerous bundles called muscle | fasciculi |
| what is it called when there is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus | a muscle twitch |
| a muscle fiber will not respond to stimuli until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| the time of contraction is the _______ phase | contraction |
| the time during which the muscle relaxes is the ___________ phase | relaxation |
| the condition where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing is called | tetany |
| aerobic respiration occurs when | in the presence of oxygen |
| what are the 2 types of tongue muscle | intrinsic and extrinsic |
| which tongue muscle changes the shape of the tongue | intrinsic |
| what does the orbicularis oculi do | closes the eyelid |
| what does the zygomaticus do | makes you smile |
| sneering is accomplished by the ______ ________ _________ | levatar labii superiorous |
| the frowning muscle is called the _________ _________ __________ | depresser anguli oris |
Created by:
Kmorelia
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