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Karens Cardio Patho
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology studies for Karens class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Space containing small amount of fluid | Pericardial Cavity |
| Slight delay in conduction at the AV node going to AV Bundle(Bundle of His) allowing for complete _______ __________. | ventricular filling |
| These waves on ECG mark the depolarization of ventricles... | QRS waves |
| Responsible for signalling cardiovascular control center of changes in systemic BP | Baroreceptors |
| When secretions of epinephrine increase, heart rate increases leading to increased ______ ________ | heart contractions |
| The first arteries to branch off of the aorta; immediately distal to aortic valve | Coronary arteries |
| With each contraction of the heart left ventricular output is the same as ______ _________ _______. | Right ventricular output |
| The right Ventricle sends blood to... | The lungs |
| The left ventricle sends blood to... | The body |
| The ability of the heart to increase cardiac output whenever needed is | Cardiac Reserve (Cardiac Function) |
| Looks at the volume of venous return; how much coming in | Preload |
| Reflex adjustment that controls localized vasodilation/vasoconstriction in the arterioles | Auto regulation |
| Diagnostic test for cardiovascular function; used to demonstrate, an abnormality, in movement of heart valves; records heart valve movements, blood flow, and cardiac output. | Echocardiography |
| Drug therapy used to treat heart failure; improves cardiac efficiency, slowing heart rate and increasing force of cardiac contraction | Digoxin |
| Drug therapy; taken in small doses on a continual basis to reduce platelet adhesion | Asprin |
| General term for all types of arterial changes; looks at degenerative changes in small arteries and arterioles | Arteriosclerosis |
| Major factor contributing to atheroma formation; transport of cholesterol from liver to cells | Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) |
| Risk factors for Atherosclerosis that CANNOT be changed; including age, gender and genetic/familial factors | Non-modifiable |
| Risk factors for Athersclerosis that CAN be changed; include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, poorly controlled hypertension, and combination of oral contraceptives and smoking | Modifiable |
| Risk factor for Atherosclerosis; stimulates/promotes platelet adhesion | cigarette smoking |
| Rerouting blood flow around obstructed blood vessel, using a grafted blood vessel | Coronary Artery Bypass Graft |
| Early warning signs/symptoms include angina, hypotension, pallor and dyspnea | Heart attack |
| Certain changes in this diagnostic test can confirm the presence of a myocardial infarction | ECG |
| Complication of MI; usually due to ventricular arrythmias and fibrillation | Sudden death |
| Degree of heartblock in AV node abnormality; conduction delayed of AV node resulting in intermittent missed ventricular contractions;every 2nd to 3rd beat is dropped at AV node | Second degress |
| Ventricular conduction abnormality; very rapid heart rate/ reduces cardiac output because ventricular filling is decreased | Ventricular tachycardia |
| Treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias; SA nodal problems or total heart block require this | pacemaker |
| Inability of heart to pump enough blood to meet metabolic needs of the body | Congestive Heart Failure |
| Reacting to decrease cardiac output increase secretion of renin aldosterone secretions; Increased heart rate and Oliguria | Compensatory Mechanisms |
| Another compensation measure to help the heart not working as it should decrease in urinary output | Oliguria |
| Signs and sypmtoms: systemic signs of right sided failure; Dependent edema in feet, legs, or buttocks; the edema will be found in lower body | Congestive Heart Failure |
| Feeding difficulties are often the first sign of this; failure to gain weight or meet developemental guidelines also follows | Childhood CHF |
| Used to decrease renin secretions and decrease vasoconstriction in chilhood CHF | ACE Inhibitors |
| These defects can be detected by the presence of a murmur | Congenital Heart Defects |
| Signs and symptoms: Pallor, dyspnea on exertion, clubbed fingers, Delayed growth and development | Congenital Heart Defects |
| Signs and symptoms: Tachycardia with very rapid sleeping pulse and frequent pulse deficit, squatting position (toddlers and older children) which modifies blood flow, Intolerance for excercise and exposure to cold weather | Congenital Heart Defects |
| A.K.A A whole in the heart | Ventricular Septal Defects |
| Defect that causes blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right | Ventricular Septal Defect |
| Valvular Defect; Causes blood to (go backward) regurgitate | Incompetent Valves |
| Are given to patients with certain congenital heart defects or damaged heart valves immediately before invasive procedures to prevent formation of infective endocarditis | Prophylactic Antibacterial drugs |
| A friction rub is associated with this due to no fluid or something (gritty) in fluid; reduction of cardiac output due to this excessive fluid within the Pericardial cavity itself; | Pericarditis |
| Decreases the hearts ability to expand and fill... | Pericarditis |
| This arterial disease's cause is Idiopathic (unknown) | Primary (Essential) Hypertension |
| How many forms of hypertension are there? | 3 |
| Names/forms of which Arterial Disease?Primary (essential/idiopathic) Secondary Malignant/Resistant | Hypertension |
| Kidneys,Heart, Brain, Retina; these areas are most frequently damaged by... | Hypertension |
| Antihypertensive medication's most common adverse effect is this; not umcommon in elderly; Stand up/sit down and BP lowers | Orthostatic Hypotension |
| Sign/Symptom of Peripheral Vascular Disease (atherosclerosis): Leg Pain due to circulation not being able to keep up with demand | Intermittent Claudication |
| Tear in intimal lining; allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall | Dissecting Aneurysm |
| True/False: Aneurysms always require surgery... | False |
| Manifestation of aneurysms result from compression of _______ ________. | Adjacent structures |
| Fever, malaise, leukocytosis; sytemic signs for... | Thrombophlebitis and Phlebothrombosis; |
| Follows MI when a large portion of myocardium is damaged | Shock |
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BeckiiBabii
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