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Semester Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A company backed by investors in hope of making money | Joint Stock Company |
| Servants that sold their labor for passage into the colony | Indentured Servant |
| A religous group thateft England in the 1630s to 1640s to escape bad treatment from King James 1. | Puritan |
| A large land owner who joined the Quakers. He was the founder of Pennsylvania which gave religous freedom and equality to all. | William Penn |
| A colony established by Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored by Queen Elizabeth 1 on 1585. It disappeared after 2 years. | Roanoke |
| A written contract issued by a government giving the holder the right to establish a colony. | Charter |
| The first representative assembly in the American Colonies; created in 1619 | House of Burgesses |
| In 1639 this document extended voting rights to non church members and limited the power of the governor. Thomas Hooker's congregation wrote this in the Connecticut Valley. | Fundemental Orders of Connecticut |
| people who believe that all people should live in peace and harmony | Quakers |
| The first permanent English settlement; settled in 1607; named in honor of King James | Jamestown |
| a separatist group whom King James attacked for rejecting England's official church. They escaped to Holland, then became unhappy and left for America. | pilgrims |
| Carolina became this in 1729, then it was ruled by governors appointed by the King. It was later divided into North and South. | Royal Colony |
| a soldier and an adventurer who took control of Jamestown in 1608. | John Smith |
| an agreement on the ship for the sake of order. The pilgrims vowed to obey laws upon for the good of the colony. It helped establish the idea of self-government and majority rule. | Mayflower Compact |
| A colony who has one owner/proprietary, ex. New Netherland of New York. | proprietary colony |
| In 1732, he founded Georgia as refuge for debtors. | James Oglethorpe |
| What were some of the hardships that early settlers had to endure? | Disease ridden mosquitoes and water ; the settlers wasted time searching for gold instead of growing food ; hot summers and bitter cold winter ; the starving time ; Indian attack |
| What caused the pilgrims to settle in New England instead of Virginia? | Navigation errors and wind and strong currents |
| What were the 7 motives for European exploration of North America ? | Curiosity, wealth, fame, national pride, religion, foreign goods, faster and cheaper trade routes |
| What were the motives for English colonization of North America ? | Business and power |
| What is the significance of the years 1607 and 1620 ? | Jamestown then Plymouth were founded |
| What is the importance of the Magnate Carta, House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact , and the Fundemental orders of Connecticut ? | All had laws that the people had to obey for the good of the colony. |
| The fourth area of the colonies that ran along the appalachian mountains through the far western part of the other region. | Backcountry |
| Importing or exporting goods illegally | Smuggling |
| Men hired by planters to watch over and direct the work of slaves | Overseer |
| An act of farming that produced just enough food for themselves and othwr times a little extra to.trade | Subsistence farming |
| Crops that were raised to be sold for money | Cash crop |
| Mountain range in the east that went through the Back country; stretched from eastern Canada south to Alabama. | Appalachian Mountains |
| The name given to a trading route with three steps. | Triangular Trade |
| Variety | Diversity |
| Made in 1651 , it passed for major provisions designed to ensure that England made Money from colonies trade | Navigation Acts |
| A plant that yields a deep blue dye. | Indigo |
| What were the economic reasons for establishing of the 13 colonies? | Gold/ money, and a place to market their good |
| What were the social reasons for the establish of the 13 colonies. | to escape religious persecution |
| How did England try to control the colonies and their trade? | They sent governors to control them and passed unfair laws to the colonists |
| What was the significance of the triangular trade? | This is how New England made profits, and how slaves got to America |
| Explain the reasons for the development of the plantation system? | The growth of slavery and cash crops |
| Describe the major geographical features of each colonial region? | New England- rocky soil. Middle- fertile soil Southern- good soil, Backcountry- varied |
| Describe the major economic activities for each region | New England- subsistence farming, fishing, shipbuilding and trade. Middle- bread colony, gristmills, etc. South- plantation, slaves, cash crops |
| What were the reasons that the Plymouth colony was successful? | the indians helped them |
| a religious movement in the 1730s-40s that stressed that inner religious emotion was more important than outward religious behavior. | Great Awakening |
| A famous American Enlightenment figure | Benjamin Franklin |
| A time when England barely interfered with the colonies | salutary neglect |
| the first formal proposal to unite the colonies, introduced by Ben Frank. | Albany Plan of Union |
| a decree that forbade colonists to settle West of the Appalachian Mountains. | Proclamation of 1763 |
| one of the best known preachers in the Great Awakening,terrified listeners with God's anger, but promised they could be saved. | Jonathan Edwards |
| An English philosopher that argued that people have natural rights. | John Locke |
| the publisher of the New York Weekly Journal that stood trial for printing criticism of New York's Governor. | John Peter Zinger |
| a preacher in the Great Awakening that drew thousands of people with his sermons and raised funds to start a home for the orphans. | George Whitefield |
| A Great Charter that guaranteed important rights of noblemen and freemen. | Magna Carta |
| a war(1754-1763) that decided which nation would control the northern and eastern parts of North America. | French and Indian War |
| a treaty after the french and indian war to show that the french no longer had control of most of the lands in North America. | Treaty of Paris 1763 |
| an indian revolt on the British because they refused to give supplies to them. | Pontiac's rebellion |
| a movement that stressed reason and science as the paths to knowledge | Enlightenment |
| England's chief law-making body | Parliament |
| What was the Great Awakening and what was its impact on the American Colonies? | a religious movement that changed colonial culture, and often split congregations |
| What was the Enlightenment and what was its impact on the American colonies? | a knowledge movement that appealed to wealthy, white males; it also impacted science as a lot of discoveries were made. |
| What was the Albany Plan of Union? Whose idea was it? | a plan to unite the colonies that called for colonies to make a council with representatives to work together, brought on by Benjamin Franklin. |
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris? | Britain had all the lands east of the Mississippi river and florida, Spain had New Orleans and Louisiana, cuba and the phillipines |
| How did the Parliament try to limit the expansion of the colonies in 1763? | the passed a proclamation that wouldn;t let them settle wet of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| What caused problems between Indians and White settlers after the French and Indian War? | They wouldn't give the Indians supplies like the French did, so they attacked them. |
| the British Monarch | King George 3 |
| the refusal to buy | boycott |
| a leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty | Samuel Adams |
| the Sons of Liberty organized an attack three tea ships on Dec.16,1773 known as the _____ | Boston Tea Party |
| people who supported the British during the revolution | Loyalist |
| the leader of the expedition who played a role at the victory in Fort Ticonderoga. | Benedict Arnold |
| the law placed a direct tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies. | Sugar Act |
| a cost-saving measure that required colonists to house British soldiers, and provide them with supplies. | Quartering Act |
| colonists that were most affected by the stamp act, that staged protests against it. | Sons Of Liberty |
| a shooting on March 5, 1770, Crispus Attucks, and 4 others got shot by British soldiers. | Boston Massacre |
| laws made y parliament to punish Massachusetts called the coercive acts, but they were so harsh colonists referred to them as Intolerable Acts. | Intolerable Acts |
| Colonists who were sided with rebels | Patriot |
| the person who wrote, and drafted the constitution, and he's from Virginia, which they need support from if they get this passed | Thomas Jefferson |
| He wrote Common Sense to convince colonists to break from England. | Thomas Paine |
| This law required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing a tax had been paid. | Stamp Act |
| A plan made by Charles Townshend that told parliament how to raise revenue. | Townshend Acts |
| a group made by Samuel Adams that exchanged letters about colonial affairs. | Committee of Correspondence |
| The meeting in Philadelphia in 1774, where delegates banned all trade with Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed. They also started training troops. | 1st Continental Congress |
| The first battles of the revolutionary war | Lexington and Concord |
| a document proving that the United States of America is a country. | Declaration of Independence |
| gave the British East India Company control over the American Trade. | Tea Act |
| a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses that called for the resistance of tax. | Patrick Henry |
| search warrants | writs of assistance |
| a Boston Silversmith that sent a message to the colonies that the British were coming. | Paul Revere |
| May 10, Philadelphia, where they agreed to form a continental army. | 2nd Continental Congress |
| the refusal to buy | |
| the law placed a direct tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies. | Sugar Act |
| Sons Of Liberty | |
| Where did most colonial protests take place ? | Declaration of Independence |
| Why were Britain taxing the colonies ? | |
| Why were the colonists upset colonists upset by all the taxes being levied ? | England was still trying to control them |
| What role did the sons of liberty play in protesting the various acts Britain passed ? | They organized peaceful, and non peaceful protests |
| What was the first continental congress and what did it accomplish ? | Paul Revere |
| How was the Boston Massacre used to show England was being unreasonable? | They called it a massacre and outraged the colonists |
| What was the main idea behind the Declaration of Independence? | To prove that America is an independent country. |
| Give an example of an UNalienable rights. | Life liberty and the pursuit of happiness |
| The commander in chief of the Continental army and the fist president of the u.s. | George Washington |
| Long steel knives attached to the end of guns | Bayonet |
| The british general | Lord Cornwallis |
| The treaty that ended the revolutionary war with 6 conditions | Treaty of Paris 1783 |
| A professional soldier hired to fight for a foreign county. | Mercenary |
| Leave | Desert |
| A small band of fighters who weaken the enemy with suprise raids and hit and run attacks. | Guerrilla |
| The continental army got tained there in the freezing cold by Marquis Lafeyette | Valley of forge |
| A privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemy merchants ships. | Privateer |
| A overall plan of action | Strategy |
| The last battle of the revolutionary war | Battle of Yorktown |
| A 19 year old French nobleman who volunteered to serve in Wahingtons army | Marquis de Lafayette |
| The series of conflicts that led to this surrender by Britain. | Battle of Saratoga |
| The most famous naval officer that won the most famous battle. | John Paul Jones |
| A person who was under the control of George Wahington but betrayed him because he didn't get a promotion on battle of saratoga | Benedict Arnold |
| Commiting a crime against the king | Treason |
| What role did George Washinton play In the American revolution ? | He was the commander of the American army. |
| What were the conditions at Valley Forge ? | Freezing cold.no supplies they only had blankets to cover themselves. Not enough food or clothing |
| How did the countries of Spain and France helped the Americans ? | They sent money, supplies, and soldiers |
| What were the advantages of the British during the war ? | More people, more money, more weapons and supplies, well trained army, strong navy, 1/3 of colonists were loyalists |
| What were the advantages of the Americans during the war ? | Outstanding military leadership, fighting for a just cause/ more motivation, fighting on their homeland, knew their land , vast territory to subdue. |
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris 1783 ? | The U.S. was independent , boundaries would be the Mississippi river vandals to the nortg and south Florida on the south , and Spanish Florida on the South. Each side would repay debts. |
| The government had few powers, and this was the final plan of Congress. | Articles of Confederation |
| Described how the Northwest Territory would be governed. | Northwest Ordinance |
| A delegate who read hundreds of books and took notes in the assembly. | James Madison |
| A compromise between the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan. The government has 2 houses. | Great Compromise |
| People who opposed the constitution | Antifederalists |
| The first ten amendments of the U.S.Constitution that protects the rights of the people. | Bill of Rights |
| Called for the surveyors to stake out six mile square plots, townships, in the Western lands. | Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| Described how the Northwest territory was to be governed | Northwest Territory |
| Farmers marched to an arsenal guarded by 900 soldiers but got defeated. | Shay's Rebellion |
| A 55 delegate meeting in Philadelphia whom which James Madison , George Wahington , and Ben Franklin were at | Constitutional Convention |
| A government with 3 branches , 2 houses in which both would be represented by population. The large states plan | Virginia Plan |
| A legislature with only 1 houses with each state having 1 representative. The small states plan | New Jersey Plan |
| Slaves would be counted for 3/5 of a person when being counted for taxes or for representation. | The Three-fifths compromise |
| People who supported the constitution. | Federalists |
| Essays wrote to answer the anti federalist's attack on the constitution. | The federalists paper. |
| One of the most influencial men from Virginia, who fought against the ratification of the constitution. | George Mason |
| What were the strenghths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? | Governed the war during a tough time , negotiated the treaty of Paris and passed the 2 ordinances . But it lacked the power to levy taxes , enforce laws, regulated trade among states and it required all 13 states to approve changes in the articles. |
| Explain what the land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and why they were important to the future of the nation. | They made townships and described how the Northwest territory should be governed. They were important because they set a pattern for orderly growth of the U.S. |
| What roles did George Washington, James Madison, Roger Sherman, and Ben Franklin have at the Constitutional Convention? | George Washington was president, James Madison took notes and was the father of the constitution, and Ben Franklin was the joker, Roger Sherman proposed the Great Compromise |
| Who were the leading federalists and anti-federalists? | feds were James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, Anti-fed. Patrick Henry, George Mason |
| Why were the federalist papers important? | they were essays that supported and defended the constitution |
| Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? | To protect the rights of the people, and the anti-federalists wouldn't ratify it unless it was added |
| What was the first state to ratify the constitution? | Delaware |
| What was the number of states needed in order to ratify the constitution? | 9 states, but they would've liked all 13. |
| How did the Western Lands affect the ratification of the Articles of Confederation? | Everyone gives up land, so that the money goes straight to the government |
| Which article of the Constitution discusses the power of the executive branch? | 2nd |
| Which article of the Constitution discusses the power of the judicial branch? | 3rd |
| Which article of the Constitution discusses the power of the legislative branch? | 1st |
| What is the purpose of a veto? | the president has the power of rejecting a bill by congress |
| Which amendment defines the five freedoms? what are they? | 1st; speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition |
| Which amendment was created due to the quartering Act? | 3rd amendment |
| The abuse of writs of assistance by the British led to which amendment? | 4th amendment |
| Which amendment gave women the right to vote? | 19th amendment |
| Which amendment limits the number of terms a president can serve? | 22nd amendment |
| Briefly describe each of the first ten amendments( Bill of Rights). | protects all the rights of the people |
| government that is ruled by the people | democracy |
| government that is ruled by representatives appointed by people | republicanism |
| government ruled by dictator, usually an army leader, and makes and breaks his own laws | Dictatorship |
| A government that traditionally advocates an end to private ownership of business, equal distribution of wealth, and the power to the working middle class. | Communism |
| A government in which people rule | Popular sovereignty |
| The people exercise their power by voting for elected representatives. | Republicanism |
| A government in which the power is divieed between a central government and smaller political units. | Federalism |
| The division of basic roles of the government into branches | Seperation of powers |
| Each branch can exercise controls over the other branches | Checks and balances |
| Everyone including powerful leaders must obey the law. | Limited Government |
| Personal liberties and freedom, and privileges | Individual rights |
| The opening section of the constitution, the purpose. | Preamble |
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