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Vocabulary Ch. 12
Skin: The Integumentary System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
integumentary system | Makes up the outer covering of the body, serves many important functions beyond appearance. |
sabaceous glands | Also known as OIL GLANDS, secrete sebum(oil) which lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin. |
sweat glands | Help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat. |
hair | Fibers are rodlike structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin. Helps control the loss of body heat. |
nail | Also known as UNGUIS, protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger. |
derma/cutaneous | Used to describe the skin. |
epithelial tissues | Form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body. |
epidermis | Is the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues. |
squamous epithelial tissue | Forms the upper layer, consists of flat, scaly cells that are continuouly sloughed off(shed). |
squamous | Scalelike |
keratin | Is a fibrous, water-repellent protein. |
melanin | Brown to black pigment that helps protects the skin against some of the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. |
ultraviolet(UV) | Refers to light that is beyond the visible spectrum at the violet end. |
dermis | Also known as the CORIUM, is the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis. |
tactile | Pertaining to touch. |
perception | Is the ability to recognize sensory stimulus. |
collagen | Which means glue, is a tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material. |
mast cells | Are found in the connective tissue of the drmis, respond to injury or infection by producing and releasing substance including heparin and histamine. |
heparin | Is released in response to injury, is an anticoagulant. |
histamine | Is released in response to allergens, causes itching and increased mucus secretion. |
subcutaneous layer | Located just below the skin, connects the skin to the surface muscles. |
adipose | Means fat. |
cellulite | Is nontechnical term for the subcutaneous deposit of fat, especially in the thighs and buttocks. |
lipocytes | Also known as FAT CELLS, are prodominant in the subcutaneous layer, where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat. |
sebaceous glands | Are located in the dermis layer of the skin and are closely associated with hair follicles. |
sebum | Is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles. |
mammary glands | Are modified sebaceous glands, are often classified with the integumentary system. |
sweat glands | Are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces. |
sweat | Also known as PERSPIRATION, is secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99 percent water plus some salt and metabolic waste products. |
pespiring | Is a means of excreting excess water. It also cools the body as the sweat evaporates into the air. |
hidrosis | Means the production and excretion of sweat. |
hair follicles | The sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers. |
arretor pili | Also known as the ERECTOR MUSCLES, are tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect. |
nail body | Is translucent, is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissues. |
nail bed | Joins the nail body to the underlying connective tissue, nourishes the nail. |
free edge | Is the portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed, extends beyond the tip of the finger or toe. |
cuticle | Is a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root. |
lunula | Is a pale half-moone-shaped region at the nail root and is generally found in the thumbnail and in varying degrees in other nails. |
root | Fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin. |
dermatologist | Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin. |
cosmetic surgeon | Also known as PLASTIC SURGEON, specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures. |
acne vulgaris | Is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin in or near the sebadeous glands. |
comedo | Is a lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle. |
sebaceous cyst | Is a cyst of a sebaceous gland that contains yellow, fatty material. |
seborrhea | Is any of several common skin conditions in which there is an overproduction of the sebum. |
seborrheic dermatitis | Is an inflammation of the upper layers of the skin, caused by seborrhea. |
seborrheic keratosis | Is a benign flesh-colored, borwn, or black skin tumor. |
anhidrosis | Is the condition of lacking or being without sweat. |
hyperhidrosis | Is a condition of excessive sweating. |
diaphoresis | Means profuse, but not necessarily excessive, sweating. |
miliaria | Also known as HEAT RASH/PRICKLY HEAT, is an inflammation caused by trapped sweat. |
hirsutism | Means abnormal hairiness. |
alopecia | Also known as BALDNESS, is the partial or complete loss of hair. |
alopecia areata | Is an autoimmune disorder in which there are well-defined bald areas, usually on the scalp or face. |
alopecia capitis totalis | Is an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp. |
alopecia universalis | Is the total loss of hair on all parts of the body. |
female pattern baldness | Is a condition in which the hair thins in the front and on the sides and sometimes the crown. |
male pattern baldness | Is a common hair loss patter in men, with the hairline receding from the front to the back until only a horseshoe-shaped area of hair remains in the back and on the temples. |
clubbing | Is abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips. |
koilonychia | Also known as SPOON NAIL, is a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out. |
onychia | Also known as ONYCHITIS, is an inflammation of the matrix of the nail. |
onychocryptosis | Means ingrown toenail. |
onychomycosis | Is any fungal infection of the nail. |
anychophagia | Means nail biting or nail eating. |
paronychia | Is an acuter or chronic infection of the skin fold at the margin of a nail. |
subungual hematoma | Is usually caused by an injury, is a collection of blood trapped in the tissues under a nail. |
albinism | Is an inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to abnormality in production of melanin. |
chloasma | Also known as MELASMA/MASK OF PREGNANCY, is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face. |
dyschromia | Is any disorder of the pigmentation of the skin or hair. |
melanosis | Is any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body. |
vitiligo | Is a condition in which a loss of melanocytes results in whitish areas of skin bordered by normally pigmented areas. |
lesion | Is a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury. |
contusion | Is an injury that does not break the skin and is characterized by swelling. |
crust | Is a collection of dried serum and cellular debris. |
ecchymosis | Also known as BRUISE, is a purplish area caused by hemorrhaging(bleeding) within the skin. |
macule | Is a discolored, flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter. |
nevi | Also known as MOLES, are small dark skin growths that develop from melanocytes in the skin. |
dysplastic nevi | Atypical moles that may develop into skin cancer. |
nodule | Is a small, solid bump like a cyst. |
papule | Is a small, solid, raised skin lesion that is less than 0.5cm in diameter. |
petachiae | Which are small pinpoint hemorrhages, are smaller versions of ecchymoses(bruises). |
plaque | Is a solid, raised area of skin that is different from the area around it and greter than 0.5cm in diameter. |
scale | Is a flaking or dry patch made up of excess dead epidermal cells. |
verrucae | Also known as WARTS, are skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus. |
plantar warts | Develop on the sole of the foot. |
wheal(WHEEL) | Is a smooth, slightly elevated, swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin and usually is accompanied by itching. |
abscess | Is a localized collection of purulen exudate(pus) within a circumscribed area. |
bulla | Is a large, circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is more than 0.5cm in diameter. |
cyst | Is a closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material. |
pustule | Is a small, circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus. |
vesicle | Is a circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is less than 0.5cm in diameter, such as a small blister. |
abrasion | Is an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away. |
fissure | The skin is a groove or cracklike sore. |
laceration | Is a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut. |
puncture wound | Is a deep hole made by a sharp object such as a nail. |
ulcer | Is an open sore or erosion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss and usually with inflammation. |
decubitus ulcer | Also known as PRESSURE ULCER/BEDSORE, is an ulcerated area caused by prolonged pressure that cuts off circulation to the body. |
port-wine stain | Is a large, reddish purple discolaration of the face or neck. |
strawberry hemanigioma | This dark, reddish purple growth is a benign tumor made up of newly form blood vessels. Is a soft, raised birthmark. |
dermatitis | Is an inflammation of the upper layers of skin. |
contact dermatitis | Is a localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant or allergen. |
dermatosis | Is a general term used to denote any skin lesion or group of lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation. |
eczema | Is an acute or chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, visicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabes, and possibly itching. |
erythema | Is any redness of the skin such as a nervous blush, inflammation, or mild sunburn. |
lupus erythematosus | Also known as SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS(SLE), is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. |
lipedema | Is an abnormal swelling due to the collection of fat and fluid under the skin, usuall between the calf and ankle. |
pruritus | Also known as ITCHING, is associated with most forms of dermatitis. |
psoriasis | Is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the skin characterized by red papules covered with silvery scales that occur predominantly on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, and buttocks. |
pupura | Is a condition characterized by hemorrhage into the skin that couses spontaneous bruising. |
rosacea | Is a chronic condition of unknown cause that produces redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels. |
scleroderm | Is an autoimmune disorder that causes abnormal tissue thickening ususally starting on the hands, feet, or face. |
urticiaria | Also known as HIVES, is a skin condition characterized by localized areas of swelling accompanied by itching that is associated with an allergic reaction. |
xeroderma | Is excessivley dry skin. |
carbuncle | Is a cluster of furuncles(boils) that result in extensive sloughing of skin and scar formation. |
cellulitis | Is a diffuse infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation within the layers of the skin. |
diffuse | Means widespread. |
furuncles | Also known as BOILS, are large tender, swollen, areas caused by staphylococcal infection around the hair follicles. |
gangrene | Is tissue necrosis(death) that is usually associated with a loss of circulation. |
putrefaction | Is decay that produces foul-smelling odors. |
impetigo | Is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture. |
tinea | Also known as RINGWORM, is a fungal skin disease affeting different areas of the body. |
tinea capitis | Is found on the scalps of children. |
tinea pedis | Also known as althletes food, is found between the toes and on the feet. |
tinea cruris | Also known as JOCK ITCH, is found in the genital area. |
dermatomycosis | Also known as TINEA VERSICOLOR, is a fungal infection that causes white to light brown areas on the skin. |
infestation | Is the dwelling of a parasite on external surface tissue. |
scabies | Is a skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite. |
pediculosis | Is an infestation with lice. |
pediculosis capitis | Is an infestation with head lice. |
pediculosis corporis | Is an infestation with body lice. |
pediculosis pubis | Is an infestation with lice in the pubic hair and pubic region. |
callus | Is a thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing. |
clavus/corn | Is a callus in the keratin layer of the skin covering the joints of the toes. |
cicatrix | Is a normal scar resultin from the healing of a wound. |
granulation tissue | Normally forms during the healing of a wound to create what will become scar tissue. |
granuloma | Is a general term used to describe small knotlike swellings of granulation tissue. |
keloid | Is an abnormally raised or thickened scar that is usually smooth and shiny. |
keratosis | Is any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin. |
lipoma | Is a benign fatty deposit under the skin that causes a bump. |
papilloma | Is a benign epithelial tumor that projects from the surrounding surface. |
polyp | Is a general term used most commonly to describe a mushroomlike growth from the surface of a mucous membrane, such as a polyp in the nose. |
rhinophyma | Also known as BULBOUS NOSE, Is hyperplasia(overgrowth) of the tissues of the nose. |
skin tags | Are small felsh-colored or light brown growths that hang from the body by fine stalks. |
actinic keratosis | Is a precancerous skin lesion caused by excessive exposure to the sune. |
basal cell carcinoma | Is a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. |
epithelioma | Is a benign or malignant tumor originating in the epidermis that may occur on the skin or mucous membranes. |
malignant melanoma | Is skin cancer derived from cells capable of forming melanin. |
squamous cell carcinoma | Begins as a malignant tumor of the squamous cells of the epithelium, but it can quickly spread to the other body systems. |
burn | Is an injury to body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation. |
biopsy | Is the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis. |
incisional biopsy | A piece, but not all, of the tumor or lesion is removed. |
excisional biopsy | The entire tumor or lesion and margin of surrounding tissue are removed. |
needle biopsy | A hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination. |
exfoliative cytology | Is a biopsy technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope. |
sunscreen | Blocks out the harmful ultraviolet B(UVB) rays is sometimes measured in terms of the stregth of the sun protection factor(SPF). |
cauterization | Is the destruction of tissue by burning for therapeutic purposes. |
curettage | Is the removal of material from the surface by scraping. |
chmical peel | Also known as CHEMABRASION, is the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scaring, fine wrinkling, and genral keratoses. |
cryosurgery | Is the destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors, through the application of extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen. |
debridement | Is the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing. |
dermabrasion | Is a form of abrasio involving the use of revolving wire brushes or sandpaper. |
incision and drainage(I&D) | Involves incision(cutting open) of a lesion, such as an abscess, and draining the contents. |
Mohs' chemosurgery | Is the use of a zinc chloride paste to remove recurrent tumors and scarlike basal cell carcinomas, with a minimum of normal tissue loss but complete removal of the tumor. |
laser | Is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. |
rhinophyma | Is treated by using a carbon dioxide laser to reshape the nose by vaporizing the excess tissue. |
port-wine stain | Is treated using short pulses of laser light to remove the birthmark. |
tattoos | Are removed by using lasers that target particular colors. |
blepharoplasty | Also known as a LID LIFT, is the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids. |
dermatoplasty | Also known as SKIN GRAFT, is the replacement of damaged skin with tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body. |
lipectomy | Is the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin. |
liposuction | Is the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction. |
rhytidectomy | Also known as FACELIFT, is the surgical removal of excess skin for the elimination of wrinkles. |
sclerotherapy | Used in the treatment of spider veins(small veins that can be seen through the skin), involves injecting a sclerosing solution(saline solution)into the ein being treated. |