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Civics RCHS 2011
10th grade Civics and Economics class vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Citizen | A person who is a legal member of a nation, country, or other organized, self-governing political community |
| Resident Alien | A noncitizen legally residing in a country other than his or her birth country |
| Naturalization | The legal process by which a foreign citizen becomes a citizen of the United States, concluding with an oath of allegiance |
| Jus Sanguinis | A right by which nationality or citizenship can be recognized to any individual born to a parent who is a national or citizen of that state |
| Jus Soli | The right by which nationality or citizenship can be recognized to any individual born in the territory of the related state |
| Enlightened Self-Interest | A philosophy in ethics that states that persons who act to further the interests of others ultimately serve their own self-interest |
| Nongovernmental Organization | An autonomous organization independent of direct government control that exists to perform any of a large variety of purposes |
| Voluntary Association | Autonomous organizations founded and administered by private citizens, not elected officials, devoted to any number of purposes |
| Voter Registration | The requirement in some democracies for citizens to enroll in voting rolls before being allowed to participate in elections |
| De Jure Segregation | Racial separation mandated by law |
| De Facto Segregation | Racial separation not mandated by law |
| Civil Disobedience | The nonviolent refusal to obey laws that citizens regard as unjust or in protest of specific public policy |
| Civil Rights Act (1866) | An act of Congress that attempted to protect the rights of African Americans following the Civil War |
| Voting Rights Act (1965) | An act to strengthen the protections of the right to vote for all U.S. citizens |
| Constitutional Government | A form of government in which a written, unwritten, or partly written, constitution serves as a higher or fundamental law that everybody, including those in power, must obey |
| Democracy | A form of government in which all citizens exercise political power, either directly or through their elected representatives |
| Parliament | The British legislature, which consists of two houses: the House of Lords, which represented nobility, and the House of Commons, which represents the common people |
| Republic | A form of government that derives its powers directly or indirectly from the people |
| Civic Virtue | The dedication of citizens to the common welfare of their community or country, even at the cost of their individual interests |
| Classical Republicanism | Ideals and practices of ancient Greek or Roman city-states that emphasized civic participation and the responsibility of citizens for the well being of their country |
| Common Good | The good of the community as a whole as contrasted with private interests that may conflict with public interest |
| Consent of the Governed | Agreement by citizens to obey the laws and the government they create |
| Natural Rights | The doctrine that people have basic rights, such as those to life liberty, and property in a state of nature |
| Political Legitimacy | Acceptance by the governed that the claim to authority by those who govern is justified |
| Popular Sovereignty | The natural rights concept that ultimate political authority rests with the people |
| Social Contract Theory | Presumption of an imaginary or actual agreement among the people to set up a government and obey its laws |
| State of Nature | The condition of people living in a situation without government, inquired about what rights applied in such circumstances and what right, if any, people retained after agreeing to leaving the state of nature to form a society |
| Capitalism | An economic system in which means of producing and distributing goods are privately owned and operated for profit in competitive markets |
| Judeo-Christian | Ideas, beliefs, and practices that have their historical roots in Judaism and Christianity |
| Private Morality | An individual's ideas about right and wrong to be practiced in one's personal life |
| Public Morality | The values and principles of right and wrong pertaining to public policies and actions |
| Magna Carta | King John agreed to this docmuent in 1215, granted civil rights and liberties to English nobles and all "freemen" and limited the power of the king |
| Precedent | Previous court decision upon which legal decisions are decided |
| Redress of Grievances | The correction of complaints, the First Amendment protects the right of the poeple to petition government to obtain remedies for claimed wrongs |
| Rule of Law | The principle that those who govern and those who are governed must obey the law and are subject to the same laws |
| Stare Decisis | "Let the decision stand", the doctrine that a court should follow the previous decisions of other courts on cases in which facts are substantially the same |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | A court order directing that a prisoner be brought to court before a judge to determine whether that prisoner's detention is lawful |
Created by:
mlipetzky66
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