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Anat, Embyology..
CMI - Fall 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When does a female usually find out she is pregnant? | 4-6 wks |
| What give rise to strux of the head and neck (embryologically)? | Pharyngeal arches |
| What are situated bw pharyngeal arches? | Pharyngeal clefts |
| When are most ear structures formed by? | 15th week of gestation (& then continue to grow and develop) -complete shape by 20th wk |
| Around the 15th wk of gestation, an abn outer ear implies? | Middle or inner ear abn |
| What period of gestation is the most critical for head and neck structures? | First 8 wks |
| What are the pharyngeal arches also known as? | Branchial arches |
| How many pharyngeal arches? | 5 |
| Each pharyngeal pouch has capability of? | Artery, Cartilage, Nerve, Muscle |
| What is the purpose of having bone surround the ear structures? | Protection and sound is less distorted |
| Where does the inner ear START? | After the stapes |
| What is the pinna made of? Why is it shaped the way it is? | Elastic cartilage -Funnels sound waves in (why we don't hear everything the same) |
| What are the layers of the tympanic membrane? | Lateral=Cutaneous Intermediate=Fibrous Medial=Mucous |
| Nerves supplying the typanic membrane? | Vagus, Glossopharyngeal, Mandibular |
| What is the main blood supply source to the ossicles? | External carotid A |
| Which one of the ossicles receives the least blood supply and can often become necrosed? | Long process of incus |
| What is the relation of cartilage and osseus material w/ ext auditory canal and eustachian tube? | EAC= 1/3cart, 2/3osseus ET= 1/3osseus, 2/3cart |
| Eustachian tube position at birth vs adulthood? | Horizontal at birth, 45 degrees in adulthood |
| The cartilagenous part of the Etube is lined with? Just like? | Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi; same as in posterior part of nose and the sinuses |
| Which muscle serves to open the Etube in children and what is the innervation? | Tensor palati; 5th CN=Trigeminal N |
| Which muscles serve to open the Etube in adults and what is the innervation? | -Tensor palati (CN 5) -Levator veli palatini (Vagus nerve) |
| Is it easier to expel air from the middle ear, or get it in? | Expel |
| When sound reaches the ossicles and causes them to vibrate, they transmit to the inner ear structure caalled? | Cochlea |
| What constitutes conductive hearing? | Pinna to Stapes |
| What constitutes sensorineural hearing? | After stapes -- vibration causes fluid to move and sets hair cells in motion and an electrical signal is sent along auditory nerve to brain which translates into sounds :) |
| The primitive pharynx is one tube...and becomes? | 2 - so a problem in one becomes two/in both |
| What is the lip composed of? | Primarily muscle and covered by skin and mucosa |
| What is the name of the border where the lip stops and it meets the normal skin? | Vermillion border |
| In newborns, they have a nasolaryngeal connection via? | Close approx of epiglottis to posterior palate, making a continuous airway |
| For first few months of life: nasal or oral breathing? | NASAL |
| What are the two arches in the back of the mouth and what sits bw them? | Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal arches -Palatine tonsil sits inbw |
| Where is the larynx, in relation to vertebrae? | In front of 4,5,6 cervical vertebrae |
| Which cartilage is responsible for opening and closing the larynx? | Arytenoid cartilage |
| Which vocal cords are more superior to the other? | False VC superior to True VC....False VC serve as attachment for true VC |
| Innervation to larynx? | 2 branches of vagus nerve: Superior laryngeal and inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerves |
| Vocal cords contain very few lymphatic channels, where do they drain? | Deep cervical nodes |
| Fxns of the larynx? | Respiration, protection, phonation |
| At what point after birth does a child's front teeth start to poke thru? | 4-8mo |
| After 6 mo of age, how many new teeth each 4 mos? | 4 |
| At what age are all baby teeth in place? | 2.5 |
| At what age do you start losing teeth? What age are all baby teeth gone? | 6; 13 |
| The wisdom teeth are aka? | 3rd molars |
| What is the primary blood supply to the nose? | Ext and Int carotid |
| Innervation to nose? | -Anterior ethmoid ganglion -Sphenopalatine |
| WHere does the maxillary sinus open to? | Middle meatus of nose |
| Frontal sinus(es) drain to? | Middle meatus of nose (& via ethmoid air cells) |
| THe sphenoid sinus sits below what structure? | Sella turcica which houses pituitary gland |
| Sphenoid sinus drains to? | Superior nasal meatus |
| Development of paranasal sinuses begins when? | 3 wks gestation |
| Ethmoid sinuses present when and developed when? | BIrth;3y.o. |
| Maxillary sinuses present when and dev when? | Birth; 3y.o. |
| Sphenoid sinus present when and dev when? | 3 y.o; 12 y.o |
| Frontal sinuses present when and dev when? | 8 yo; 12 yo |
| What is mucus produx like per day? | Not ill=500mL Ill=1 L |
Created by:
ferrier.kath
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