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test 5
exam 5 tbc...
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the gradient of a stream that drops 80ft. on elevation over a distance of 3 miles? | ft/miles=80 ft./3 miles=26.667ft./miles |
| artesian Spring | water rises to the surface due to pressure where the recharge area is at a higher elevation |
| Natural Spring | groundwater flows freely where it intersects the water ta |
| Hot springs | groundwater warmed (usually) by magma |
| groundwater depletion(wells) | a. the water table around a well is lowered forming a cone of depression b. if pumping rates exceed recharge, the water table may be lowered permanently |
| land subsidence | the structure of some aquifers is supported by the water in them. Removing water allows rock and sediment to compress resulting in subsidence of the land surface above |
| saltwater intrusion | water in coastal aquifers often flows into the ocean. If pumping rates eliminate this flow, saltwater can flow freely into the aquifer |
| caves | are natural underground cavities. Most are formed by the dissolution of limestone |
| stalactites | hang from the ceiling |
| stalagmites | grow up from the floor |
| columns | stalactites and stalagmites that have grown together |
| Karst Topography | landscapes shaped by dissolving power of groundwater |
| Sinkholes | circular surface depressions |
| Disappearing Streams | surface streams that drain under ground |
| Geysers | deep groundwater changes to steam, increased pressure causes eruption of groundwater at surface |
| Glacier | a moving body of ice that forms from the accumulation and compaction of snow |
| alpine(valley)glaciers(mountain glaciers) | confined by surrounding mountains |
| Cirque glaciers | create and occupy semicircular basins on mountainsides |
| Valley glaciers | develop when a growing cirque glacier flows into preexisting stream valley |
| Icecaps | cover the tops of mountains |
| Continental ice sheet | an extremely large ice mass that blankets much or all of a continent |
| zone of accumulation | where snow accumulates |
| zone of wastage | loss of ice and snow |
| calving | breaking off of large pieces (origin of icebergs) |
| ablation | overall loss of snow and ice at glacier’s lower end |
| basal slip | except in polar regions, most glaciers have liquid water at the bottom which they slide along |
| glacial plucking | water at the base of the glacier seeps into bedrock fractures, freezes and expands, and breaks of large fragments |
| glacial abrasion | rock fragments embedded in the bottom of a glacier scrape, polish and cut striations in the surface of the underlying bedrock |
| cirque | depression carved out by a cirque glacier |
| Tarn | cirque lake |
| Arete | a sharp ridge between two valley glaciers |
| Horn | a steep angular peak formed when three or more cirque glaciers erode a mountain |
| Glacial Trough | wide, U-shaped valley |
| Fracture zone | |
| Roche Moutonee | rounded, asymmetrical mountains |
| glacial till | poorly sorted sediment deposited directly from glacial ice |
| glacial erratic | large, glacially transported rock |
| moraine | deposited at the bottom or edges of a glacier. 1. lateral moraine 2. medial moraine 3. end moraine 4. ground moraine |
| drumlin | egg shape hill |
| stratified drift | Deposits from Glacial Meltwater Streams – well sorted stream deposits |
| outwash | sediment deposited downstream of the glacier |
| kettle lakes | form when large chunks of ice embedded in outwash |
| kame | roundish hill of sediment that filled in an open space in the glacier |
| eskers | sinuous ridges deposited by streams flowing in a glacier |
| crustal depression and rebound | the weight of a glacier depresses the crust into the asthenosphere. When the glacier melts, the land rebounds |
| milankovitch cycles | may have the effect of lowering solar radiation to polar latitudes allowing glaciers to form |
| Plastic Flow | glacier’s ice crystals deform and slip past each other under pressure from overlying ice |
| Glacial drift | any sediments of glacial origin |
| milankovitch cycles process | a. earth’s orbit shifts from nearly circular to more elliptical b. change of the tilt of the earth’s axis c. precession |
Created by:
danyy30
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