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Mucosal Immunity
Lo-Intro to Mucosal Immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| intestinal cellular turnover | shed and turnover 2-5 days |
| mucosal type I | single-layered epithelium |
| mucosal type II | stratified epithelium |
| organized lymphoid tissue | 1) tonsil 2) appendix 3) mesenteric lymph nodes 4) Peyer's patches 5) isolated lymphoid follicles 6) cryptopatches |
| peyer's patches | most in small intestine and highest in terminal ileum 1:2 ratio of T-cells/B-cells pick up antigens thru M cells |
| isolated lymphoid follicles | structurally similar to Peyer's patches-->characterized by single follicle |
| cryptopatches | submucosal collections of lymphoid cells precursors to isolated lymphoid follicles |
| tonsil | palatine and nasopharyngeal |
| appendix | blind-ended tube connected to cecum |
| mesenteric lymph nodes | lie in between layers of mesentery (double layer of peritoneum that suspends jejunum and ileum from posterior wall of abdomen) |
| TLR expression and ligands | expressed by bone marrow-derived cells and tissue stroma ex) epithelium, fibroblasts ligands: 1) PAMPs 2) peptidoglycans 3) LPS 4) dsRNA 5) flagellin 6) CpG |
| TLR2 ligand | binds gram (+) bacteria |
| TLR4 ligand | binds LPS |
| TLR5 ligand | binds bacterial flagellin |
| TLR9 ligand | binds CpG |
| innate immunity | early capability to recognize and degrade pathogens general response to PAMPs mediated by epithelial cells, TLRs, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, NK cells |
| adaptive immunity | memory responses to previous exposure to pathogen very specific but delayed responses mediated by T and B lymphocytes |
| hygiene theory | early and frequent exposure to infectious organisms boosts the immune system probiotic bacteria alter intestinal flora and immunity (and do not colonize) |
| adaptive immune mechanisms | 1) FAE-->exploited by pathogens bc of its uptake 2) oral tolerance-->lack of immune response to food 3) commensal bacteria 4) IgA |
| Ulcerative Colitis | IBD that usually presents with bloody diarrhea continuous distribution restricted to superficial epithelium of colon genetic association with HLA*DR2/DR3*QD2 |
| Crohn's disease | IBD-usually presents with abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, perforation chronic intermittent, transmural, segmental inflamm. c'some 16 (NOD2 gene)-->20x more susceptible-->reduced NF-kB activation ATG16L1 (autophagy) variants increases risk |
Created by:
kphom001
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