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APGovFederalismEras

The eras of federalism.

QuestionAnswer
Dual Federalism I (1789-1865) Enumerated powers, sovereign and equal spheres, nullification. Also known as "marble cake federalism," because sovereignty is shared and pretty much undistinguishable.
Dual Federalism II (1865-1901) Focus on commerce, "perfecting the economy," states become partners. This is also known as "layer cake federalism," because the different levels of government have spilt sovereignty.
Cooperative Federalism (1901-1960) Shared functions, focus on providing services, broadly collaborative patterns. Income taxes and grants-in-aid were popular in this era of federalism. The federal government is "a servant to the states."
Creative Federalism (1960-1968) Overloaded cooperation, intergovernmental fiscal transfers, crosscutting regulation, states implement mandates. Increased regulations ("strings attached") and LBJ's great society.
New Federalism (1970-present) Revenue sharing, devolution, growth of unfunded mandates, supply-side reductions, and deficit dominates. Nixon played an important role in this era of federalism.
Created by: onekasaur
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