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Cianci- Burns
Europe at War - end of chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Irish-born writer and British statesman; told of his position in " Reflection on the Revolution in France" | Edmund Burke (1729-1799) |
| hero of American Revolution; composed "The Rights of Man" (1791-92) in response to Burke in defense of the revolutionary principles | Thomas Pain |
| prime minister who had unsuccessfully supported moderate reform of Parliament during 1780s; turned against reform and popular movements | William Pitt the Younger (1759-1806) |
| suppressed by the government; founded in 1792 as a working-class reform group | London Corresponding Society |
| famous chemist and radical political thinker; government sponsered mob action to drive him out of the country | Joseph Priestly (1733-1804) |
| group of nobles; issued a new constitution that said monarch had to be elected, provided for real executive authority in the monarch, established a new bicameral diet, and eliminate liberum veto | Polish Patriots |
| promised to defend the new Polish constitutional order because he believed stronger Poland was good for Prussia | Frederick William II of Prussia |
| understood that a reformed Poland state would diminish Russian influence on Poland and eastern Europe | Catherine the Great of Russia |
| conservative Polish nobles who opposed the reforms invited Russia to restore old order (date) | April 1792 |
| led reformist Polish forces that were defeated by Russia; verteran of American Revolution | Tadeusz Kosciuszko |
| November 1792, delared it would aid all who wished to cast off aristocratic and monarchial oppression; proclaimed the Scheldt River in Netherlands open to commerce of all nations, thus violating a treaty between Great Britain and Holland and Austria | Convention |
| What did the Convention have? | its own declaration of hostilities against Britain in February 1793 |
| Jacobins began to direct the French Government, the French ntion at war with Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, Sardinia, and Holland (date) | April 1793 |
| actions to protect the revolution and silence dissent | Reign of Terror |
| convention established them to carry out executive duties of the government; leaders of one were republicans | Committee of Public Safety (CPS) and Committee of General Security |
| Parisian sans-culottes invaded the Convention and successfully demanded theexpulsion of the Girondist members; further radicalized the Convention, gave Mountain complete control (date) | June 1793 |
| military requistition on the entire population conscripting males into the army and directing economic production to military purposes | Levee en Masse |
| member of CPS in charge of miitary; issued Levee en Masse | Lazare Carnut (1753-1823) |
| emerged as dominant figure on the CPS by 1793; Jacobin Club provided hisprimary forum and base of power; opposed the war in 1792, scared it might aid the monarchy | Maximiliun de Robespierre (1758-1794) |
| founded Societyof Revolutionary Republican Women whose purpose was to fight the eternal enemies of revolution; Jacobin leaders welcomed the organization | Pauline Leon and Clair Lacombe, May 1793 |
| author ofthe Declaration of the Rights of WOmen;opposed the Terror and accused Jacobins of corruption; guillotined in November of 1793 | Olympe de Gouges |
| Convention decreed the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris to be a "Temple of Reason" (date) | November 1793 |
| Terror of the revolutionry tribunals systemized and channeled the popular resentment that had manifested itself | Septmber Massacres of 1792 |
| first victims of the Terror; executed October 1793 | Marie Antionette, Girondist politicians |
| most prominent republican in Convention; accused of being insufficiently militant on the war; executed April 1794 | Jaques Danton (1759-1794) |
| Robespierresecured passage of the Law of 22 Pririal (date) | June 10, 1794 |
| tempering of Revolution; consisted of destruction of machinery of terror and establishment of a new cnstituional regime; result of radical feelings towards revoluion | Thermidorian Reaction |
| outlawed; its leaders and deputies on mission were executed | Paris Commune |
| "bands of Jesus" dragged suspected terrorists from prisons and murdered them | Toulon, Lyons, Marseilles |
| new constituion; revival of Catholis Worship | Results of Thermidorian Reaction |
| replacedconstitution of 1793; reflected Thermidorian determination to reject monarch and democracy | Constitution of the Year III |
| had members that were men over 40 that were married or widowers | Council of Elders |
| consisted of men over 30 that were married or single; executive bosy was a 5-person Directory who elders chose from here | Concil of Five Hundred |
| sections of Paris led by the royalists; rose up against the Convention October 5, 1795 | 13 Vendemiaire |
| commanded the cannon; with a "whiff of grapeshot", he dispersed the crowd | Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)) |
| the Convention conluded peace with Prussia and Spain | Treaties of Basel in March and June 1795 |
| sought to foster continutiy but also clearly favored politicians already in office; undermined public faith in the new constitutional order | Two-thirds Law |
| led the conspiracy of Equals, Spring of 1796 in Paris | Gracchus Babeuf (1760-1797) |
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