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A&P Study Skills
Ch. 9,10,&11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An articulation is a point of contact between bones. | TRUE |
| Sutures are found only in the skull. | TRUE |
| A symphysis is a joint in which bones are connected by fibrous bands. | FALSE |
| Syndesmotic joints have hyaline cartilage at articular surfaces. | FALSE |
| Synchondrotic joints between the ribs and sternum allow for expansion of the chest cavity during breathing. | TRUE |
| All synovial joints have an enclosed cavity with a lubricating fluid. | TRUE |
| Hinge joints permit adduction and abduction. | FALSE |
| The joint between the metatarsals and the phalanges is a hinge-type joint. | TRUE |
| A pivot joint is a form of a uniaxial joint. | TRUE |
| Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints are biaxial joints in which one bone fits into a depression on another bone. | TRUE |
| The fibrocartilage pads between the articulating ends of bones may be called minisci. | TRUE |
| A gliding joint is a form of uniaxial joint. | FALSE |
| Circumduction consists of pivoting a bone on its own axis. | TRUE |
| Eversion turns the sole of the foot outward. | TRUE |
| When a man sticks out his jaw, he has protracted it. | TRUE |
| The acetbulum is a deep, cuplike socket, whereas the glenoid cavity is shallow and saucer-shaped. | TRUE |
| The hip joint permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, and circumduction. | TRUE |
| The joints between carpal bones are synarthrotic. | FALSE |
| Fontanels become sutures. | TRUE |
| Most symphyses are located in the midline of the body. | TRUE |
| The vertabral column contains both cartilaginous and synovial joints. | TRUE |
| There are more synovial joints in the body than any other type of joint. | TRUE |
| The gomphoses joint is the most complex joint in the body. | FALSE |
| The elbow and the dens of the axis are both part of a uniaxial joint. | TRUE |
| The depth of the acetabulum gives stability to the hip joint. | TRUE |
| Plantar flexion of the foot can be described as extension of the leg. | TRUE |
| Rotation and circumduction are interchangeable terms. | FALSE |
| Ligament are associated only with synovial joints. | FALSE |
| Hyaline cartilage is associated only with synovial joints. | FALSE |
| The only gomphoses joints in the body are found above the neck. | TRUE |
| A spheroid joint is another name for a ball-and-socket joint. | TRUE |
| Which of the following is not an example of a fibrous joint. a) Symphyses b)Sutures c) Syndesmoses d) Gomphoses | SYMPHYSES |
| What are the unique joints that occur between the root of the tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla? | GOMPHOSES |
| What are the most movable joints in the body? | SYNOVIAL JOINTS |
| In terms of structure, which type of articulation has a joint capsule? | SYNOVIAL |
| In terms of function, which is considered an immovable joint? | SYNARTHROSIS |
| A condyloid joint is an example of a(n): | BIAXIAL JOINT |
| Which joint allows for the widest range of movement? | BALL AND SOCKET |
| The pads of fibrocartilage located between the articulating ends of bones in some diarthroses are called: | MENISCI |
| Menisci are: | FIBROCARTILAGE PADS |
| The knee joint is an example of a: | HINGE JOINT |
| An example of pivot joint is the: | HEAD OF THE RADIUS ARTICULATING WITH THE ULNA |
| The distal end of the radius articulating with the carpal bones is an example of a: | SADDLE JOINT |
| Which of the following is an example of a biaxial joint? a) pivot joint b) hinge joint c) ball and socket joint d) condyloid joint | CONDYLOID JOINT |
| Which joint allows for the following movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction? | BALL AND SOCKET |
| Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called: | ABDUCTION |
| Kicking a football is accomplished by: | EXTENSION |
| Moving a part of the body forward is | PROTRACTION |
| The type of movement that increases the angle between body parts is: | EXTENSION |
| Stretching the foot down and back and pointing the toe is called | PLANTAR FLEXION |
| The type of movement that occurs when the head is dropped to the shoulder, then to the chest, to the other shoulder, and toward the back is | CIRCUMDUCTION |
| Tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front leg, is called | DORSIFLEXION |
| Deterioration of the nucleus pulpous results in | A "SLIPPED DISK" |
| Sutures can be found in the | SKULL ONLY |
| The occipital bone fitting into the atlas bone of the vertebrae is an example of a | CONDYLOID JOINT |
| The opposite of dorsiflexion is | PLANTAR FLEXION |
| The opposite of eversion is: a)protraction b)depression c)retraction d)none of the above | NONE OF THE ABOVE |
| Which type of joint joins the two pubis bones together? | SYNOVIAL |
| Saddle joints in the body can be found between the | THUMB AND METACARPAL AND THE TRAPEZIUM IN THE WRIST |
| Which suture of a synovial joint is defined as a strong cord of dense, white fibrous connective tissue? | LIGAMENT |
| The olecranon bursa is associated with which joint? | ELBOW JOINT |
| There are more than 600 muscles in the body. | TRUE |
| When a muscle contracts, the bone moved is the bone of insertion. | TRUE |
| The insertion is that point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts. | FALSE |
| Tendons are continuous with the layer of connective tissue called the epimysium. | TRUE |
| Muscles often act singly as a prime mover | FALSE |
| In a lever system, the fixed pivot around which the rod moves is called the fulcrum. | TRUE |
| The gluteus muscles are examples of muscles that are named by location. | TRUE |
| Muscles usually originate distal to the point of insertion. | FALSE |
| The muscles of facial expression are unique in that at least one of their points of attachment is to the deep layers of skin over the face or neck. | TRUE |
| Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles elevates the ribs. | TRUE |
| The soleus muscle is responsible for plantar flexion. | TRUE |
| Poor posture puts abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities. | TRUE |
| With aging, connective tissue replaces some muscle fibers, causing decreased muscle strength. | TRUE |
| The respiratory, digestive, circulatory, excretory, and endocrine systems all contribute to the ability of muscles to maintain posture. | TRUE |
| Just as individual bones are the organs of the skeletal system, individual muscles are the organs of the muscular system. | TRUE |
| Muscle cells and muscle fibers are interchangeable terms. | TRUE |
| Tendons and aponeuroses are both fibrous tissue extending from a muscle. | TRUE |
| Fascia is a general term for the fibrous connective tissue found under the skin and around muscle. | TRUE |
| Muscle can have only one origin attachment and one insertion attachment | FALSE |
| Agonists and prime mover are interchangeable terms. | TRUE |
| Antagonist muscles oppose the movement of the agonist muscle. | TRUE |
| First- and second-class levers are not as common in the body as third-class levers. | TRUE |
| Tendons anchor muscles to bone by attaching to the periosteum of the bone. | TRUE |
| If a muscle causes the knee to bend, the insertion point is above the knee and origin point is below the knee. | FALSE |
| Circular muscles are sometimes called sphincter muscles. | TRUE |
| The epimysium is deep to the perimysium. | FALSE |
| Skeletal muscles constitute approximately____ of our body weight. | 50% |
| The connective tissue sheath that envelopes bundles of muscle fibers is the | PERIMYSIUM |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the | ENDOMYSIUM |
| Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the | PERIMYSIUM |
| An aponeurosis could be described as a | FLAT SHEET OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONNECTING MUSCLE TO OTHER STRUCTURES |
| Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called | SYNERGISTS AND FIXATORS |
| Muscles may be named according to | FUNCTION, DIRECTION OF FIBERS, AND POINTS OF ATTACHMENT |
| Which of the following muscles function(s) to protect the abdominal viscera? | EXTERNAL OBLIQUE, INTERNAL OBLIQUE, TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS |
| Which muscle(s) form(s) most of the pelvic floor? | LEVATOR ANI AND COCCYGEUS |
| The muscle that raises or lowes the shoulders or shrugs them is the | TRAPEZIUS |
| The muscle that extends and adducts the upper arm is the | LATISSIMUS DORSI |
| The posterior arm muscle that extends the forarm is the | TICEPS BRACHII |
| Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the | CLAVICLE AND SCAPULA |
| In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to overhead, which of the following muscles is least utilized? | BICEPS BRACHII |
| The action of the brachialis muscle is to | FLEX THE FOREARM |
| Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group? a)rectus femoris b)Biceps femoris c)vastus medialis d)vastus intermedius | BICEPS FEMORIS |
| When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the | POSTERIOR THIGH |
| Muscles located on the lower leg move the | FOOT |
| Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture? a)digestive system b)endocrine system c)excretory system d)all of the above | ALL OF THE ABOVE |
| A muscle is attached to the femur and the tibia. When the muscle contracts, the knee bends. That would mean that the | TIBIA ATTACHMENT IS THE INSERTION |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. The knee is acting as a fulcrum. TRUE OR FALSE | TRUE |
| Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? a)trapezius b)pectoralis muscle c)levator scapulae d)rhomboideus | PECTORALIS MINOR |
| There are more than ___ skeleton muscles in the body. | 600 |
| Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n) | MUSCLE FIBER |
| The most common type of lever in the body is a | THIRD-CLASS LEVER |
| Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be | EPIMYSIUM, PERIMYSIUM, ENDOMYSIUM |
| Another name for muscle cells is muscle fibers | TRUE |
| Muscle fibers of skeletal muscle contain several nuclei. | TRUE |
| The protein molecule that has heads jutting out for cross-bridging is myosin. | TRUE |
| A neuromuscular junction is a type of connection called a synapse. | TRUE |
| Muscle fibers use creatine phophate to restore their ATP population. | TRUE |
| ATP is made up of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. | TRUE |
| Hemoglobin carries oxygen in the red blood cell, and myoglobin stores oxygen in the muscle fiber. | TRUE |
| Anaerobic respiration is the first choice of the muscle cell for the production of ATP. | FALSE |
| T-tubules are perpendicular to muscle fibers. | TRUE |
| When sarcomeres shorten, myofibrils also shorten. | TRUE |
| For continued, efficient nutrient catabolism by muscle fibers, both glucose and oxygen are required. | TRUE |
| Muscles contract more forcefully after they have contracted few times. | TRUE |
| The degree of a muscle's strength is influenced by many factors, including its metabolic condition and number of motor units recruited. | TRUE |
| The type of contraction exhibited by normal skeletal muscles most of the time is called tetanus. | TRUE |
| The study of muscle activity is called myography. | TRUE |
| The graded strength principle states that skeletal muscles contract with varying degrees of strength at different times | TRUE |
| As resistance increases, the number of motor units needed to overcome that resistance has to increase. | TRUE |
| Convulsions are abnormal, uncoordinated tetanic contractions of varying groups of muscles. | TRUE |
| A hernia is a condition in which an abdominal protrudes through a weakened area in the abdominal muscles. | TRUE |
| Cramps are painful, involuntary muscle spasms. | TRUE |
| Skeletal muscle has a great ability to stretch. | FALSE |
| Muscle cells produce heat by the process of catabolism. | TRUE |
| The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called the sarcolemma. | TRUE |
| Muscles with less tone than normal are described as flaccid. | TRUE |
| The sarcoplasmic reticulum continually pumps calcium ions out of the sarcoplasm and stores them in sacs. | TRUE |
| Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles? a)movement b)protection c)heat production d)posture | PROTECTION |
| The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the | SARCOLEMMA |
| Bundles of fine fibers that extend lengthwise along muscle fibers are called | MYOFIBRILS |
| The smallest contractile unit of muscle is a | MYOFILAMENT |
| Which of the following is also known as striated muscle? a)smooth muscle b)skeletal muscle c)involuntary muscle d)visceral muscle | SKELETAL MUSCLE |
| The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimulus is called | IRRATABILITY |
| The chief function of the T-tubules is to | ALLOW FOR ELECTRICAL SIGNALS TO MOVE DEEPER INTO THE CELL |
| The neurotransmitter(s) secreted at the motor end plates of skeletal muscles is/are | ACETYLCHOLINE |
| The first event to occur in muscle relaxation is | THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM BEGINS ACTIVELY PUMPING CALCIUM BACK INTO ITS SACS |
| The purpose of creatine phosphate in muscle contraction is to | REPLENISH ENERGY SUPPLY |
| Aerobic respiration | PRODUCES THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF ENERGY AVAILABLE FROM EACH GLUCOSE MOLECULE. |
| A motor unit is most correctly described as a | MUSCLE FIBER AND A MOTOR NEURON |
| White fibers are also called | FAST FIBERS |
| Most body movements are | A COMBINATION OF ISOTONIC AND ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS |
| Endurance training is also known as | AEROBIC TRAINING |
| Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction? | ISOMETRIC |
| The graded strength principle states that | SKELETAL MUSCLES CONTRACT WITH VARYING DEGREES OF STRENGTH AT DIFFERENT TIMES |
| Painful muscle contractions or involuntary twitches are called | CRAMPS |
| The strength of a muscle contraction is influenced by the | AMOUNT OF LOAD, INITIAL LENGTH OF MUSCLE FIBERS, AND RECRUITMENT OF MOTOR UNITS |
| Sarcolemma is | A SEGMENT OF THE MYFIBRIL BETWEEN TWO SUCCESSIVE Z-LINES |
| Cross-bridges are also called | MYOSIN HEADS |
| Treppe is also called | STAIRCASE PHENOMENON |
| A decrease in muscle size is termed | ATROPHY |
| The characteristic of the muscle cell that directly causes movement is | CONTRACTILITY |
| A sarcomere is a segment of myofibril between two successive | Z-LINES |
| The myofilament that can be described as a globular protein strung together like beads strands is | ACTIN |
| The myofilment that can be described as bundled golf clubs with their heads sticking out from the bundle is | MYOSIN |
| After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? | TROPONIN |
| Glucose can be stored in the muscle as | GLYCOGEN |
| Which of the following is not a factor in why warm muscle contracts more forcefully than a cool muscle? a)ATP releases energy faster b)Calcium diffuses through the sarcoplasm more quickly c)Calcium tends to accumulate in the sarcoplasm d)All of the above | ATP RELEASES ENERGY FASTER |
| Which of the following terms describes an isometric contraction? a)eccentric contraction b)static tension c)concentric contraction d)both a and c | STATIC TENSION |
| The motor end plate makes up part of the | NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION |
| Which part of the sarcomere stays almost the same size during contraction? | A-BAND |
| Muscles usually contract to about | 80% OF THEIR LENGTH |
| Muscle contractions will continue as long as | THE CALCIUM IONS ARE ATTACHED TO THE TROPONIN |
| Muscle inflammation from any cause is called a | MYOSITIS |
Created by:
Tamara Vines
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