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Anatomy_Musc. UE
Upper Extremity Musculature
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Latissimus Dorsi- Medial Attachment | Thoracolumbar fascia (spinuous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebre and all lumbar vertebre, iliac crest) and inferior 3 or 4 ribs |
| Latissimus Dorsi- Lateral Attachment | floor of interurbicular (bicipital) groove |
| Latissimus Dorsi- function | adduction or extension of the Arm at the Shoulder. Internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder |
| Teres Major (Syn. w/ Latissimus)- Medial Attachment | posterior surface on inferior angle of the scapula |
| Teres Major (Syn. w/ Latissimus)- Lateral Attachment | medial ridge of interturbicular (bicipital) groove |
| Teres Major (Syn. w/ Latissimus)- Function | same as latissimus dorsi- adduction or extension of the Arm at the Shoulder. Internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder |
| Supraspinatus- Medial attachment | supraspinuous fossa of scapula |
| Supraspinatus- lateral attachment | superior facet on the greater tubercle of humerus |
| Supraspinatus- function | abduction of the arm at the shoulder. Only effective during the first 80 degrees (approx.) of adduction |
| Infraspinatus- Medial Attachment | infraspinuous fossa of the scapula |
| Infraspinatus- Lateral Attachment | middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus |
| Infraspinatus- Function | External rotation of the arm at the shoulder |
| Teres Minor- Medial Attachment | lateral border of scapula |
| Teres Minor- Lateral Attachment | interior facet on greater tubercle of humerus |
| Teres Minor- Function | External rotation of the arm at the shoulder |
| Subscapularis- Medial Attachment | subscapular fossa of scapula |
| Subscapularis- Lateral Attachment | lesser tubercle of humerus |
| Subscapularis- function | internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder |
| Deltoid- Proximal Attachment | distal end of the clavicle, acromion process of scapula, spine of scapula |
| Deltoid- Distal Attachment | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
| Deltoid- Function | Flexion and internal rotation (anterior head, abduction (middle head), extension and hyperextension and external rotation (posterior head) of the arm at the shoulder |
| Pectoralis Major- Medial Attachment | proximal half of clavical, lateral side of manubrium and sternum, medial aspect of inferior border of ribcage |
| Pectoralis Major- Lateral Attachment | Lateral ridge of (bicipital) interturbicular groove of humerus |
| Subclavius- Medial Attachment | costochondrial joint of first rib |
| Subclavius- Lateral Attachment | inferior surface of distal end of clavical |
| Biceps Brachii- Proximal Attachment | long head- supraclenoid tubercle of scapula, short head- corocoid process of scapula |
| Biceps Brachii- Distal Attachment | both heads joins distally and attach to radial tuberosity; non-functional attachment to brachioradialis |
| Biceps Brachii- function | Flexion of the arm at the shoulder, flexion of the forearm at the elbow only when the wrist is supinated |
| Coracobrachialis- Proximal attachment | corocoid process of the scapula |
| Coracobrachialis- Distal attachment | medial side, approx. 1/3 of the way down humerus |
| Coracobrachialis- Function | flexion and horizontal adduction of the arm at the shoulder |
| Brachialis- Proximal attachment | anterior side of the body of the humerus |
| Brachialis- Distal attachment | ulnar tuberosity |
| Brachialis- Function | Flexion of the forearm at the elbow in all wrist positions |
| Triceps brachii- Proximal Attachment | (Long head)infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (Lateral head) posterior side, body of the humerus (Medial Head) Posterior side, body of humerus |
| Triceps brachii- Distal attachment | all heads join and attach to olecranon process of ulna |
| Triceps brachii- Function | Extension and hyperextension of the arm at the shoulder (long head only), extension of the forearm at the elbow (long, lateral and medial heads) |
| Acroneus- Proximal attachment | lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Acroneus- Distal attachment | lateral side, proximal end of ulna |
| Acroneus- Function | Extension of the forearm at the elbow |
| Brachioradialis- Proximal attachment | proximal to lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Brachioradialis- Distal attachment | Lateral side, distal end of radius |
| Brachioradialis- Function | Flexion of the forearm at the elbow in all wrist positions although this muscle favors a semiprone or neutral wrist position (Palms facing one another) |
| Pronator Teres- Proximal attachment | medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Pronator Teres- Distal attachment | lateral side, approx. 1/3 of the way down radius |
| Pronator Teres- Function | Pronation and flexion of the forearm at the elbow |
| Flexor carpi radialis- Proximal attachment | medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Flexor carpi radialis- Distal attachment | base of 2nd metacarpal (1 goes to thumb and 5 is to pinky) |
| Flexor carpi radialis- Function | Flexion of the forearm at the elbow, flexion of the hand at the wrist, radial deviation of the hand at the wrist |
| Palmaris Longus- Proximal attachment | medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Palmaris Longus- Distal attachment | flexor retinaculum |
| Palmaris Longus- function | tightens the flexor retinaculum and subsequently the palmar aponeurosis |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis- Proximal attachment | medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis- Distal attachment | middle phalanges of digits 2-3 (not tips) |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis- Function | Flexion of the forearm at the elbow, flexion of the hand at the wrist, flexion of the digits (from the middle phalanges) |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- Proximal attachment | medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- Distal attachment | base of 5th metacarpal |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- function | flexion of the forearm at the elbow, flexion of the hand at the wrist, ulnar deviation of the hand at the wrist |
| Flexor Dicitorum profundus- proximal attachment | anterior side, body of radius and ulna |
| Flexor Dicitorum profundus- Distal attachment | distal phalanges of digits 2-5 |
| Flexor Dicitorum profundus- Function | flexion of the hand at the wrist and flexion of the digits (from the distal phalanges) |
| Flexor Pollicus Longus- Proximal attachment | lateral side, body of ulna |
| Flexor Pollicus Longus- Distal attachment | Distal phallange of pollux |
| Flexor Pollicus Longus- function | Fexion of the hand at the wrist, flexion of the thumb |
| Pronator Quadratus- Medial attachment | distal end of ulna |
| Pronator Quadratus- Lateral attachment | distal end of the radius |
| Pronator Quadratus- function | pronation |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus- Proximal attachment | lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus- distal attachment | (longus) base of 2nd metacarpal (dorsal side) (brevis) base of 3rd metacarpal (dorsal side) |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus- function | extension of the froearm at the elbow, extension of the hand at the wrist, radial deviation of the hand |
| Extensor digitorum- proximal attachment | lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Extensor digitorum- distal attachment | distal phalange of 2nd-5th digits |
| Extensor digitorum- Function | extension of the forearm at the elbow, extension of the hand at the wrist, extension of the digits |
| Extensor digiti minini- Proximal attachment | lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Extensor digiti minini- distal attachment | distal phalange of the 5th digit |
| Extensor digiti minini- function | extension of the 5th digit, pinky finger |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris- Proximal attachment | lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris- Distal attachment | base of 5th metacarpal (dorsal side) |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris- function | extension of the forearm at the elbow, extension of the hand at the wrist, ULNAR DEVIATION of the hand at the wrist |
| Extensor indicis- proximal attachment | body of the ulna |
| Extensor indicis- distal attachment | distal phalange of 2nd digit |
| Extensor indicis- function | Extension of the wrist, extension of 2nd digit |
| Abductor pollicus longus- Proximal attachment | doral side, body of the radius |
| Abductor pollicus longus- distal attachment | base of 1st metacarpal |
| Abductor pollicus longus- function | radial deviation of the hand at the wrist, abduction of the thumb |
| Extensor pollicus brevis- proximal attachment | dorsal side, body of radius |
| Extensor pollicus brevis- distal attachment | base of proximal phalange of pollux |
| Extensor pollicus brevis- function | Radial deviation of the hand at the wrist, extension of the thumb |
| Extensor Pollicus Longus- Proximal attachment | medial side, body of the radius |
| Extensor Pollicus Longus- distal attachment | base of distal phalange of pollux |
| Extensor Pollicus Longus- function | radial deviation of the hand at the wrist, extension of the thumb |
| Supinator- proximal attachment | lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Supinator- Distal attachment | medial side, approx. 1/3 of the way down radius |
| Supinator- function | supinates |
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