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November 3, 2011
A&P Study Guide- Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Five functions of the skeletal system | 1.Support 2.Protection 3.Attachment site for skeletal muscle 4.Blood cell production 5.Mineral storage (potassium-sodium) |
| List the 3 systems that work "together" to produce movement in the body | 1.Skeletal System 2.Nervous System 3.Muscular System |
| What are the 2 divisions of the skeletal system? | 1.Axial 2.Appendicular |
| The process of blood cel formations is called? | Hematopoisis or Hemopoiesis |
| Where are red blood cells formed? | in red marrow in spongy bone in the epiphsis |
| List and describe the 4 types of bones | 1.Long bones 2.Short bones 3.Flat bones 4.Irregular bones |
| Skeletal system contains 2 types of specialized cells | 1.Cartilage 2. Bones |
| 2 types of bone tissue make up the majority of bone | 1.Compact tissue 2.Spongy tissue |
| Bone cells are called? | Osteocytes |
| Cartilage cells are called? | Chondrocyte |
| the extracellular fluid that forms the matrix of bones is made up of _____________ and ___________. These 2 substances provide stength and hardness | Collagen:Calcium |
| What is lacunae? | Spaces of the matrix |
| What is the lamellae? | Layers of concentric rings |
| What is the microscopic structural unit of compact bone called? | Osteon |
| Describe what a foramen is in the bone.What does it do? | passageway or opening:It lets blood vessels and nerves enter the bone |
| The shaft or rod-shaped portion of the long bone is called? | Diaphysis |
| The diaphysis is made up of _________ bone | Compact |
| What is periosteum? | Is the fibrous membrane that covers the surface and acts to anchor ligaments and tendons |
| What is the medullary cavity? | Hollowed out chamber that runs the length of the diaphysis (long bone) |
| What type of tissue lines the medullary cavity? | Endosteum |
| What substance fills the inside of the medullary cavity? | Fatty yellow marrow |
| What type of cartilage covers the outter surface of the epiphysis where the bones come together? | Hyaline |
| What is the Hyaline cartilage also known as? | Articulating |
| Growth in length of an "immature" long bones occurs at the___________. | Epiphsal growth plate |
| What is the growth and length called in a "mature" bone | Epiphyseal line |
| The epiphysis of a mature bone are formed of _________ bone | Spongy |
| The substance that fills the "mesh like" spaces or trabeculae in spongy bone is? | red bone marrow |
| Trabeculae | Mesh-like framework |
| Osteocytes | Bone cells |
| Osteoblasts | bone building cels to reform new bone matrix |
| Oateoclasts | Bone eating cells to remove bone matrix |
| Tendon | attach bone to muscle |
| Ligament | Attach bone to bone |
| Ossification | process of bone formation |
| Ossiication is accomplished by what 2 processes | 1.Intramembranous ossification 2.Endochondral ossification |
| Intramembranous Ossification | the formation of bone tissue within a fibrous membrane makes up most of the skull bones |
| Endochondral Ossification | The formation of bne tissue within a cartilage most bones of the body |
| Bones are dynamic living organs and they are continually restructured throughout life T or F? | True |
| Physical activity causes the density and volumes of bones to be reduced. T or F? | False; Maintained or increased |
| The major store house for calcium is? | Bones |
| What are the 3 types of cartilage in the body? Which is the most imoportant/abundant? | 1.Hyaline (most abundant)Protects and cusions 2.fibrocartilage-intervertabral disks-knee pads and symphysis pubis 3.elastic Cartilage-larynx and external ear |
| Both osteoclasts and osteoblasts are involved in the shaping of the bones. T or F | True |
| Bones are prone to fracture in old age due to loss of protein fibers. T or F? | True |
| Physical activity tends to weaken bones due to the removal of calcium salts. T or F? | False |
| A passage way into the bone through wich blood vessels or neves pass is a/an? | Foramen |
| Condyle | Rounded knuckle like formation |
| What bones make up the cranium? | Frontal bone, Parietal bones (2), Occipital bone, Sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, Temporal bones (2) |
| List the skull bones that contain the paranasal sinuses? | 1.Ethmoid 2.Frontal 3.Maxillae 4.Shenoid |
| What cranial bones are joined by the sagittal suture? | Parietal Bones |
| What is the foramen magnum and in which bone does it occur? | It is a large opening on the inferior surface. Occurs in the ocipital bones (skull) |
| The movable vertebrae of the vertebral column constists of how many of each? | Cervical C1-C7 (7) Throacic T1-T12 (12) Lumbar L1-L5 (5) |
| The vertebrae that articulate with the ribs are the? | Thoracic T1-T12 |
| What does it mean? the atlas rotated on the axis? | C1 rotates on C2...The Atlas articulates with the occipital condyles of occipital bones (support head) Axis-possesses the odontoid process (pivot point for axiz) |
| What are the true ribs? | T1-T7 Vertebrosternal ribs- Attached to the sternum DIRECTLY by their costal cartilage |
| what are the false ribs? | T8-T12 Vertebrochondral ribs-Costal cartilage INDIRECTLY to the sternum; attached to superior rib |
| What are the "floating" ribs | 2 last parts of false ribs lack cartilage (unattached) |
| Which of the above ribs are joined directly to the sternum by the coastal cartilages? | True ribs (vertebrosternal ribs) T1-T7 |
| What is the pectoral girdle? | Shoulder girdle consists of 2 clavicles (collar bone)and 2 scapulea (shoulder bones) clavicles- S-shaped bone found on the base of the neck. Scapilea- located on each side of the vertabral column-held in place by muscle no bones |
| An upper extremity is attached to the trunk by the ? | Vertebral Column |
| The foramen bone that forms the point of the elbow is the? | Ulna |
| What are the 2 bones articulate with the clavicle? | 1. Sternum 2. Scapula |
| Another name for the hip bone is? | Coxal bone |
| What are 3 bones form the coxal bone? | 1.Ilium 2.Ischium 3.Pubis |
| Is the os coxae the same as the coccyx? | No, Os cozae- support- attachment of the lower extrmities 3 fused bones Coccyx- tail bone |
| what are the differences between a male and a female pelvic girdle? | Female- generally lighter with non0-prominate process structure allows child birth; wide; oval pelvic opening male- Heavier with more prominate processes; narrow pelvic opening (heart shaped) |
| what bones form the knee joint? | Femur, Tibia |
| Pivot joint | Allow rotational movement in single joint. ex. Atlas & Axis |
| Immovable Joint | bones are tightly joined seperated by thin fibrous connective tissue (no movement at joint) ex.skull bone (sutures) |
| Slightly movable joint | bones seperated by a layer or cartilage or fibrous connective tissue (limited flexibility) ex. joints between vertrae, symphsis pubis |
| Freely moveable Hinge joint | Allow movement in one direction only ex. knee joints and elbow joints |
| Balland socket joint | A round head of one bone fits into a concavity on another bone movement may be rotational in any place ex. hip joints and shoulder joints |
| Gliding joint | Involve sliding of bones across eachother; allows sliding and twisting. ex. carpal and tarsal bones; clavical and scapula |
| What is synovial fluid? | lubricates the joint (serious fluid) |
| the articular surfaces of the bones in freely movable joints are covered with? | Cartilage |
| A broken bone in which part of the bone sticks through or pierces the skin is what kind of fracture? | Compound |
| Another name for the breast bone is the | Sternum |
| Arthritis | characterized by inflammation, swelling and pain |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | results in ossification of joint, making it immovable (painful) |
| Osteoarthritis | most common- loss of articular cartilage makes moement restricted and painful |
| Bursitis | inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sac near joint) |
| Osteoporosis | weakness of bones due to loss of calcium salts |
| Scoliosis, Lordosis, Kyphosis | Spinal curvatures S-lateral K-Thorasic L-lumbar |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow due to bacterial infection |
| Rickets | childhood disease due to difficency in calcium salts in bone (may have bowed legs) |
| Dislocation | displacement of bones forming the joint |
| Herniated Disk | intervertebral disc prottudes out deyond vertarae |
| Sprain | tearing or stretching of the ligaments and tendons without dislocation |
| Strain | muscles that are pulles |
| Blood cell production s a function of the seletal system. T or F | True |
| The weight bearing portion of a vertebrae is the | |
| What bones contain the external auditory metus? | Temporal bones |
| What are the phalanges? | Bones of the fingers |
| What are the zygomatic bones? | Cheek Bones...prominences of the cheek and the floors and lateral walls of the eye orbits |
| Differentiate between carpals and arsals;metacarpals and metatarsals. | Carples are wrists, tarsals are ankles; metacarpals is the hanf and metatarsals are the feet |
| the only movable bone in the skull is? | Jaw Bone or mandable |
| the axial skeleton includes wat bones? | Skull, vertebral column and torasic cage |
| Articulation | a joint formed between 2 bones |
Created by:
bjbert
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