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Chemistry - WHS
WHS A&P Vocabulary Chemistry of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle |
| electron | negatively charged subatomic particle; gives an element its chemical properties |
| neutron | subatomic particle that has the same mass as a proton but no electric charge |
| nucleus | the positively charged center of an atom |
| orbital | a region of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| atomic mass | mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| radioisotope | isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay |
| compound | substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| ionic bond | bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| covalent bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| reactant | element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
| product | a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| activation energy | minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| decomposition reaction | reaction in which one compound breaks into at least two products |
| catabolism | breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones |
| synthesis reaction | reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single compound |
| anabolism | synthesizing a complex molecule from simpler compounds |
| exchange reaction | reaction in which molecules are exchanged to create new products; AB + CD ---> AD + CB |
| reversible reaction | chemical reaction in which the prodcuts re-form the original reactants |
| equilibrium reaction | reaction that is reversible and the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal |
| nutrient | chemical needed for the maintenance, growth, and development of the body |
| metabolite | any chemical produced by metabolism |
| mixture | two or more substances that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
| solute | the dissolved substance in a solution |
| solvent | the substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved materials whcih can be separated with filtration or settling |
| electrolyte | a substance when dissolved in water conducts electric current |
| salt | compound that conducts electricity when dissolved in water; created from the reaction of an acid and a base |
| inorganic compound | any compound that does not contain carbon-carbon bonds |
| organic compound | compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things |
| acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH+) in solution |
| neutralization | a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact to form a salt |
| hydrogen ion | positively charged atom of hydrogen (H+) |
| hydroxide ion | negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen (OH-) |
| pH scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 |
| enzyme | specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| catalyst | substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected |
| RNA | single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis |
| DNA | double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic code |
| glycogen | polysaccharide that stores glucose in animals |
| glucose | sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule |
| polysaccharide | large carbohydrate made of chains of monosaccharide molecules |
| glycerol | with fatty acids, make up the building blocks of lipids |
| fatty acid | with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids |
| nucleotide | building block of a nucleic acid |
| amino acid | basic building blocks of protein molecules |
| ATP | provides the energy for all cellular work; product of cellular respiration |
| active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| denaturation | a structural change in a protein that results in a loss of its biological properties |
| macromolecule | very large complex molecule |
| polymer | large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| monomer | small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule made up of subunits called nucleotides |
| lipid | organic compound made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| protein | organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
| carbohydrate | organic compound used by cells to store and release energy |
| buffer | an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH |
Created by:
mshunt
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