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sex & language
intergrative neuroscience
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what type of hormone accounts for masculine phenotype? | androgens |
| female estrus cycle can be disrupted by timely injection of what hormone? | testosterone |
| estrus I is regulated by what brain structure? | hypothalamus |
| estrus I is a _____ cycle | lunar |
| pituitary secretes which 2 hormones? | LH & FSH |
| estrogen peak is described as ______ | biphasic |
| progesterone & estrogen are _____ _____ hormones | gonadal steroid |
| which nucleus releases gonadatropal releasing hormone? where does it go? | arcuate, posterior pituitary |
| GnRH projects to which region after leaving posterior pituitary? how? | anterior, portal circulation |
| ________ in anterior pituitary receive GnRH | gonadotropes |
| gonadotropes --> ___ & ____ ---> general circulation --> ______ | LH & FSH; ovaries |
| Ovum & surrounding follicles release large amounts of which hormone? | estrogen |
| what are the surrounding tissues of the egg called? | corpus luteum |
| egg & corpus luteum release which hormone? | progesterone |
| estrogen is what type of feedback loop? describe this loop. | positive, enhances release of LH |
| progesterone is what type of feedback loop? describe this loop. | inhibitory, uses DA to shut down release of GnRH |
| which hormone plays a role in regulating prolactin release in breast tissue? | LH |
| cholesterol produces which hormone? | progesterone |
| progesterone produces which hormone? | testosterone |
| which enzyme reacts with testosterone to produce estradiol? | aromatase |
| which enzyme reacts with testosterone to produce dihydrotestosterone? | 5a-reductase |
| relative activity of which 2 substances determines phenotype? | aromatase & 5a-reductase |
| which hormone increases dendritic spines & # of synapses? | estradiol |
| lipophilic | can cross BBB |
| what happens after sex hormones cross BBB? | they bind to cytoplasmic receptors |
| function of ligand-receptor complex in nucleus? | gene transcription promoter |
| 5 functions of DHT | spermatogenesis, GnRH regulation, sexual differentiation, bone & muscle growth, sexual maturation |
| 7 limbic areas with sex hormone receptors | septal n., LH, VMH, anterior pituitary, MD thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala |
| non-limbic area with sex hormone receptors | dorsal tegmentum |
| love shows increased activity in which brain region? | basal ganglia |
| lust hormones | estrogen, testosterone |
| attraction causes which physical symptoms | loss of appetite & sleep, increased heart rate |
| 4 NTs involved in attraction | DA, norepinephrine, serotonin, nerve growth factor |
| attachment causes release of which 2 substances | oxytocin & vasopressin |
| which hypothalamic nucleus is involved in sexual behaviors? | preoptic |
| males have higher neuronal density in which nucleus? | PVN |
| in the PVN, women have more ________ _______ | inhibitory interneurons |
| which group of men have highest neuronal density in SCN? | homosexuals without AIDS |
| homosexuals exhibit _______ | hypermasculinity |
| describe brain plasticity during lactation | higher motor & sensory functioning |
| male or female: higher resting CBF | male |
| males or females show higher glucose utilization? | males |
| which sex has better verbal skills? | females |
| which sex has larger anterior commissure? | female |
| which structures are larger in males? | brain volume, corpus callosum, ventricle enlargement w/ aging |
| name left hemisphere functions | speech, writing, lexical & syntactic language |
| name right hemisphere functions | spatial abilities, prosodic aspects of language |
| anterior lesions affect males/females more? what are the results? | females, impaired speech production |
| franz gall is responsible for... | phrenology |
| which area is easier to damage, broca's or wernicke's? why? | wernicke's, because it is exposed at temple |
| describe norman gerschwind's contribution to neuroscience? | naming aphasias |
| roger sperry's contribution to language study | split-brain studies analyzing language lateralization |
| auditory regions are larger in which hemisphere? | left |
| impaired functions in broca's lesions | speech production & repetition |
| impaired functions in wernicke's lesions | sentence repetition & comprehension |
| conduction aphasia | impaired repetition & naming of objects |
| global aphasia | all speech functions impaired |
| anomic aphasia | impaired naming of objects |
| transcortical aphasia | impaired speech production & naming of objects |
| sensory aphasia | impaired comprehension & naming of objects |
| 3 areas involved in emotional content of speech | amygdala, cingulate, hypothalamus |
| cranial nerves involved in speech | V, VII, X, XI, XII |
Created by:
amberlieskye
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