Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
eating/drinking
intergrative neuroscience
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osmoreceptors & neuropeptides that control osmoregulation are released in what part of the brain? | hypothalamus |
| describe the anatomical approach for studying brain-behavioral relations | invasive, involves tearing the brain apart post-mortem |
| what are spatial target lesions used for? | to infer function of specific brain region |
| cellular target lesions allows for more specific... | removal of neurons |
| describe excitotoxic cellular target lesions | high levels of excitatory NTs to provoke apoptosis |
| 3 types of electrical stimulation used to study brain | in situ, afferent & efferent |
| what is genetic stimulation used for? | regulate genetic transformation into proteins |
| fMRIs are not entirely accurate unless there is a correlation drawn between which 2 things? | activity recorded on fMRI and an actual increase/decrease in firing of neurons in that area |
| thirst: homeostasis of ________ | osmolarity |
| neurons can't live without functional ____ ______ | cell membranes |
| an ionic pump for a cell membrane sets up what? | a concentration gradient |
| result of saline infusion | thirst |
| Imbalanced osmolarity can cause.... | disruption of cell membranes |
| what does angiotensin II signal to the body? | thirst |
| angiotensin II antagonists block.. | thirst |
| what enzyme concerning thirst does the kidneys produce? | renin |
| how do the kidneys know how much renin to produce? | by the amount of fluid flowing through them |
| the liver secretes which enzyme? | angiotensinogen |
| angiotensinogen reacts with with enzyme after leaving the liver? | renin |
| what happens when angiotensinogen reacts with renin? | it is converted to angiotensin I |
| which organ converts angiotensin I to angiontensin II? | lungs |
| where is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) produced? | lungs |
| angiotensin II targets which system? what is the result? | vascular system, causing vasocontsriction |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of blood vessels |
| effect of angiotensin II on brain? | tells us that we are thirsty |
| after angiotensin reaches brain, what is released? | vasopressin |
| effect of vasopressin on vascular system | increase in blood pressure, blood vessels constrict further |
| effect of vasopressin on kidneys | increase in H2O retention (suppresses need to urinate) |
| angiotensin II also targets the cortex of _______ | adrenals |
| results of angiotensin to acting on adrenal cortex (2) | release of aldosterone, increase in Na+ retention |
| 4 regions with high angiotensin II receptors | area postrema, subcommissural organ, subfornical organ, hypothalamus |
| location of area postrema | reticular portion of brain stem, immediately adjacent to 4th ventricle |
| location of subcommissural organ | between commissure of 2 hemisphere |
| location of subfornical organ | below fornix |
| 4 hypothalamic regions with angiotensin II receptors | Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), Preoptic nucleus (PON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus |
| OVLT receives input from what brain region? | amygdala |
| location of preoptic nucleus | in front of optic nerve |
| location of paraventricular nucleus | around 3rd ventricle |
| largest hypothalamic region w/ angiotensin II receptors | lateral hypothalamus |
| hypothalamic region w/ high concentration of angiotensin II receptors | area postrema |
| 3 types of spatial target lesions | knife cuts, aspiration, radio-frequency |
| 3 types of cellular target lesions | excitotoxic, neurotoxic, knockout mutants |
| 6 types of chemical stimulation | peripheral stimuli, ionic, agonists, antagonists, extracellular mediators, intrecellular messengers |
| 3 types of extracellular recording | field potentials, multi-unit, single unit |
| 2 types of intracellular recording | voltage clamp & current clamp |
| 2 types of whole cell patch recording | voltage clamp & current clamp |
| 3 types of single-channel patch recording | inside out, outside in, cell attached |
| define edema | too much fluid in tissues |
| possible result of edema | cellular rupture |
| hypothalamic regulation of appetite concerns how many nuclei so far? | 67 |
| 3 areas of hypothalamic regulation of appetite | LH, VMH, DMH |
| 6 hypothalamic nuclei associated with regulation of appetite | OVLT, preoptic, paraventricular, arcuate, tubero-mammillary, SCN |
| effects of a VMH lesion on a rat | lack of motivation --> will drown if placed in water, will not move if placed in irregular body postures |
| problem with lesion studies | 1. When you damage an area, you not only damage that are, but anything that has axons passing through that area. |
| median forebrain bundle is main source of which NT? | dopamine |
| main function of ventral medial hypothalamus | food intake vs. body weight balance |
| someone with a VMH lesion will become... | hyperphagic, obese |
| hyperphagic | "set point" of how much food to intake is changed, subject eats much more than normal |
| someone with an LH lesion will become... | hypophagic |
| upper stomach distension inhibits ______ release | ghrelin |
| which substance is released in increasing amounts as your stomach becomes less full? | ghrelin |
| ghrelin crosses the ____-____ _____ to stimulate release of which neuropeptide? | blood-brain barrier, neuropeptide-Y |
| where is neuropeptide-Y released? what is the result? | lateral hypothalamus, stimulates eating |
| where is leptin released? | adipose tissue |
| leptin inhbits release of.... | NPY on lateral hypothalamus |
| leptin increases release of which hormone? | melanocyte stimulating hormone |
| where is MSH released? | arcuate nucleus |
| MSH stimulates which sensation? where? | satiety, ventral medial hypothalamus |
| where is hypocretin/orexin released? | lateral hypothalamus |
| ghrelin release stimulates _____ release | orexin |
| which 2 substances inhibit orexin release? | leptin, glucose |
| PVN is involved in which 2 functions? | circadian rhythm of eating, food intake |
| before body temp rises, the temp rises of which brain region? | hypothalamus |
| why is the rising of body temp beneficial? | it assists immune system in fighting off infection |
| areas with angiotensin receptors have weak what? | blood-brain barriers |
Created by:
amberlieskye
Popular Neuroscience sets