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Nervous System Ch.8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| afferent nerves | transmitters of nerve impulses toward the CNS: sensory nerves |
| agraphia | inability to convert ones thoughts into writing |
| alexia | inability to understand written words |
| analgesia | without sensitivity to pain |
| anesthesia | without feeling or sensation |
| aneurysm | localized dilatation in the wall of an artery expanding with each pulsation |
| aphasia | inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs because of an injury/disease in areas of the brain |
| apraxia | inability to perform coordinated movements or use objects properly |
| ataxia | without muscular coordination |
| aura | sensation you experience to onset of a migraine headache or an epileptic sizure |
| autonomic nervous system | regulates the involuntary vital functions of the body. two divisions: SNS & PNS |
| axon | part of nerve cell that transports nerve impulses away from nerve cell body |
| bradykinesia | abnormally slow movement |
| brain stem | stemlike portion of the brain connecting cerebral hemisphere w/ spinal cord. medulla oblongata |
| brudzinski's sign | positive sign of meningitis |
| burr hole | hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill |
| cell body | part of the cell that contains the nucleus & cytoplasm |
| central nervous system | two main divisions of the nervous system, consist of brain & spinal cord |
| cephalalgia | headache |
| cerebellum | part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary muscular movement |
| cerebral concussion | interruption of brain function, w/ loss of consciousness last for a few seconds |
| cerebral contusion | small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain "bruise". occurs when brain strikes the inner skull |
| cerebrospinal fluid | fluid flowing through the brain & around the spinal cord, protecting from physical blow or impact |
| cerebrum | largest & uppermost part of the brain |
| coma | deep sleep in which the individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to external stimuli |
| craniotomy | surgical incision into the cranium or skull |
| deficit | deficiency or variation of the normal |
| dementia | progressive irreversible mental disorder |
| demyelination | destruction or removal of the myelin sheath that covers a nerve or nerve fiber |
| dysphasia | difficult speech |
| efferent nerves | transmitters of nerve impulses away from the CNS- motor nerves |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one half of the body |
| herpes zoster | shingles |
| hyperesthesia | excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli. pain or touch |
| interneurons | connecting neurons that conduct impulses from afferent nerves to or toward motor nerves |
| lethargy | state of being sluggish |
| medulla oblongata | most essential part of the brain, contains cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory centers |
| meninges | three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain & spinal cord |
| myelin sheath | protective sheath that covers the axons of many nerves in the body. |
| narcolepsy | uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep |
| nerve | cordlike bundle of nerve fibers. transmits impulses to & from the brain & spinal cord |
| nerve block | injection of local anesthetic to eliminate sensation along nerves |
| neuralgia | severe, sharp, spasmlike pain extends along the course of one or more nerves |
| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| neuroglia | supporting tissue of the nervous system |
| neurologist | physician who specialized in treating the disease & disorders of the nervous system |
| neurology | study of the nervous system & its disorders |
| neuron | nerve cell |
| neurosurgeon | physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system |
| neurosurgery | surgery involving the nervous system |
| neurotransmitter | chemical substance within the body that activates or inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses |
| nuchal rigidity | rigidity of the neck |
| occlusion | blockage |
| oligodendrocyte | neuroglial cell found in the interstitial tissue of the nervous system |
| palliative | soothing |
| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities & trunk, usually due to spinal cord injury |
| parasympathetic nerves | nerves of the ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions: slowing heart rate |
| paresthesia | sensation of numbness or tingling |
| peripheral nervous system | part of the nervous system outside the CNS, 12 pairs of cranial nerves & 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
| pineal body | small cone-shaped structure: pineal gland |
| plexus | network of interwoven nerves |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities & the trunk of the body. injury to the spinal cord |
| receptor | sensory nerve ending |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve |
| sensory | pertaining to sensation |
| sensory nerves | transmitters of nerve impulses toward the CNS; afferent nerves |
| somatic nervous system | part of the PNS that provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions |
| stupor | state of lethargy |
| subarachnoid space | space located just under the arachnoid membrane that contains CSF |
| sympathetic nerves | nerves of the ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions: increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels |
| synapse | space between the end of one nerve and the beginning of another, nerve impulses are transmitted |
| syncope | fainting |
| thalamus | part of the brain located between the cerebral hemispheres & the midbrain |
| thrombosis | abnormal condition in which a clot develops in a blood vessel |
| ventricle, brain | small hollow within the brain that is filled w/ cerebrospinal fluid |
| whiplash | injury to the cervical vertebrae & their supporting structures due to sudden back & forth jerking movement of head & neck |
| Alzheimer's Disease | deterioration of a persons intellectual functioning. progressive & extremely debilitating |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | severe weakening & wasting of the involved muscle groups |
| Anencephaly | absence of the brain & spinal cord at birth; congenital disorder |
| Bell's Palsy | temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | pinching or compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel |
| Cerebral Concussion | brief interruption of brain function, usually with a loss of consciousness lasting for a few seconds |
| Cerebral contusion | small, scattered venous hemorrhage in the brain "bruise" |
| Cerebral Palsy | congenital brain damage that is permanent but not progressive |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | death of a specific portion of brain tissue; stroke |
| Degenerative Disk | deterioration of the intervertebral disk |
| Encephalitis | inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue largely caused by a virus |
| Epilepsy | excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain resulting in involuntary muscle movements called seizures |
| Grand mal Seizure | epileptic seizure, sudden loss of consciousness & by generalized involuntary muscular contraction |
| Petit mal Seizure | small seizures in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness; absence seizures |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | acute polyneuritis (inflammation of many nerves), myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed |
| migraine headache | recurring, pulsating, vascular headache usually develops on one side of the head |
| cluster headache | typically two to three hours after falling asleep, extreme pain around one eye |
| tension headache | long, endured contraction of the skeletal muscles around face, scalp, upper back, & neck |
| hematoma, subdural | collection of blood below the dura mater & above the arachnoid layer of the meninges |
| herniated disk | rupture or herniation of the disk center, causes pressure on spinal cord or nerve roots |
| Huntington's Chorea | inherited neurological disease |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that causes the ventricles of the brain to dilate; congenital disorder |
| meningitis (acute bacterial) | serious bacterial infection of the meninges |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord & brain |
| neuroblastoma | highly malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system |
| Parkinson's Disease | degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stems motor system |
| Reye's Syndrome | acute brain encephalopahty along with fatty infiltration of the internal organs that may follow acute viral infections: occurs in children between 5 & 11 |
| shingles | herpes zoster |
| cerebral angiography | visualization of the cerebral vascular system via X-ray |
| CT scan of the brain | Computed tomography: analysis of three-dimensional view of brain tissue obtained as X-ray beams pass through successive horizontal layers of the brain (computerized axial tomography CAT scan) |
| electroencephalography | measurement of electrical activity produced by the brain & recorded through electrodes |
| lumbar puncture | insertion of a hollow needle & stylet into the subarachnoid space. between the 3rd & 4th lumbar vertebrae |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | noninvasive scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue & bony structures without use of radiation |
| neurectomy | neurosurgical procedure to relieve pain in a localized or small area by incision of cranial or peripheral nerves |
| positron emission tomography (PET scan) | computerized radiographic images of various body structures when radioactive substances are inhaled or injected |
| Romberg test | used to evaluate cerebellar function & balance |
| transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) | cutaneous stimulation for pain relief that supplies electrical impulses to the nerve endings of a nerve close to the pain site. |
Created by:
asmaba08
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