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anatomy & physiology
muscles and joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| buccinator | cheek muscle moves the cheek |
| temporal | lower jaw |
| masseter | biting and chewing moves lower jaw upward |
| trapezius | pulls shoulder blade together muscle that extends across the back of the shoulder covers the back of the neck triangular shape |
| latissimus dorsi ** | lower back extends to our axilla (armpit) |
| pectoralis major ** | muscle that crossses the upper part of the front of the chest fan shaped |
| deltoid | muscle covers the shoulder joint |
| gluteus maximus ** | large muscle that offers support when an individual is standing fleshy part of the buttock |
| gluteus medius ** | a smaller muscle located above the upper outer quadrant of the buttocks used for intramusular injection |
| hamstring muscles | responsible for flexing the leg on the thigh posterior part of the thigh |
| gastrocnemius | main muscle of the calf |
| tibialis anterior | positioned on the front of the leg |
| arthralgia ** | pain in the joints |
| atrophy ** | wasting away |
| contracture ** | an abnormal (usually permanent) bending of a joint into a fixed position caused by shortening and wasting away of muscle fibers |
| fascia ** | thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle |
| insertion ** | point of a attachment of muscle (more mobile) |
| involuntary muscle ** | muscles that operate under conscious control |
| origin | the point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less movable |
| pelvic girdle weakness ** | weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle (muscular dystrophy) |
| skeletal muscles | muscles that attach to the bones of a skeleton(known as striated muscles)act voluntarily |
| smooth muscles | muscles found in the walls of the hollow organs and tubes |
| striated muscle ** | muscles that have a striped appearance |
| tendon | attaches to the bone |
| torso ** | a.k.a trunk (midsection) |
| visceral muscle | muscles of the internal organs |
| voluntary muscle | muscles that operate under conscious control |
| muscular dystrophy | group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue |
| rotator cuff tear | a tear in the muscles that form a cuff over the upper end of the arm |
| strains | a strain is an injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon resulting from overstretching, overextension or misuse (muscle pull) |
| muscle biopsy | extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue for the purpose of examining it under a microscope |
| electromyography | the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electric current |
| fibrous joint | the surfaces of the bones fit closely together and are held together by fibrous connective tissue (immovable joint) |
| cartilaginous joint | bones are connected by cartilage (limited movement) |
| synovial joint | freely movable joints lined with a synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid |
| hinge joint | allows movement in one direction (back and forth motion-elbow) |
| ball and socket joint | allows movement in many directions around a central point (ball shaped head-shoulder and hip joint) |
| flexion | bending motion decreases the angle |
| extension | straightening motion increases the angle between to bones |
| abduction | movement of bone away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | movement of bone toward the midline of the body |
| rotation | movement that involves the turning of a bone on its own axis |
| supination | act of turning the palm up or forward |
| pronation | act of turning the palm down or backward |
| dorsiflexion | foot is bent backward or upward at the ankle |
| plantar flexion | foot is bent downward at the ankle with the toes pointing downward (ballet dancing) |
| circumduction | movement of an extremity around in a circular motion |
| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage protecting and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones |
| bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe |
| bunionectomy ** | surgical removal of a bunion bony overgrowth |
| bursa | a small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur |
| closed reduction | the manual forcing of a joint back into its original position without making an incision |
| crepitation | clicking or crackling sounds heard upon joint movement |
| ganglionectomy | surgical removal of a ganglion |
| joint cavity | the space between two connecting bones |
| kyphosis | humpback |
| ligaments | connective tissue bands that join bone to bone |
| malaise | a vague feeling of weakness |
| photosensitivity ** | increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight |
| sciatica ** | inflammation sciatic nerve pain and tenderness the path of the nerve through the thigh and leg |
| subluxation ** | an incomplete dislocation |
| suture ** | an immovable joint (skull) |
| synovial fluid ** | a thick lubricating fluid located in the synovial joints |
| synovial membrane | the lining of a synovial joint cavity |
| viscous ** | sticky |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints |
| dislocation | displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint |
| ganglion | cystic tumor developing on a tendon |
| gout | a form of acute arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe |
| herniated disk | rupture of the central portion or nucleus of the disk through the disk wall and into the spinal canal (ruptured disk or slipped disk) |
| lyme disease | acute recurrent inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick |
| osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease results from wear and tear on the joints (weight-bearing joints hips and knees) |
| rheumatoid arthritis | chronic systemic inflammatory disease affects multiple joints of the body (hands and feet) |
| sprains | injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint wrenching or twisting motion |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting the skin joints nervous system kidneys lungs and other organs butterfly rash on both cheeks |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of a joint with a needle withdrawing fluid for analysis |
| arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction of a joint |
| arthroscopy | the visualization of the interior of a joint using a endoscope |
| rheumatoid factor | test is a blood test that measures presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a number of connective tissue diseases (rheumatoid arthritis) |
Created by:
heather1972
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