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bios252final
bios 252 A&P final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following structures are parts of the peripheral nervous system | The sensory receptors, The spinal ganglia, Neuromuscular junctions, Peripheral nerves |
| Perception is the conscious interpretation of | Internal sensations & External sensations |
| Receptor Level | Sensor receptors |
| Circuit level | Ascending pathways |
| Perceptual Level | Neuronal circuits in cerebral cortex |
| Adaptation of sensory receptors are | The receptor becomes less responsive and The receptor potentials decline in frequency or stops |
| Which receptors do not exhibit adaptation | Pain & Proprioceptors |
| second order neurons | Their soma resides in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord or medullary nuclei and transmits impulses to the thalamus or cerebellum |
| First order neuron | Their soma reside in dorsal root or cranial ganglia, and conduct impulses from the skin to the spinal cord or brain stem |
| Third order neuron | Their soma is located in the thalamus and conduct impulses to the somatosensory cortex of the cerebrum |
| The thalamus projects fibers to | The frontal lobe, The red nucleus, The sensory association areas, The somatosensory cortex |
| The main aspects of sensory perception are | perceptual detection; magnitude estimation; and spatial discrimination. |
| Chemoreceptors | Smell, taste, changes in blood chemistry |
| Mechanoreceptors | Touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, itch |
| Nociceptors | Any pain causing stimuli |
| Photoreceptors | Sight |
| Thermoreceptors | Changes in temperature |
| Tor F = There are two (2) structural classifications of receptors. Most receptors are simple and include our special sense organs | False. 2 classifications, most are simple. Complex contains special sense organs |
| Which of the following receptors (corpuscles or organs) deal with proprioception | Golgi tendon organs, Joint kinesthetic receptors, Muscle spindles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini’s corpuscles |
| TorF - The five basic taste sensations are: sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami. And are mapped in different parts of the tongue | FALSE. Mapped all over tongue |
| TorF -Taste is 80% dependent on smell | TRUE |
| T or F - There are six (6) straplike extrinsic eye muscles: four (4) rectus and two (2) oblique muscles | True |
| T or F - Light is refracted by the following components of the eye: at the cornea; entering the lens; and leaving the lens | TRUE |
| What is Emmetropic eye | Focal point focused on retina |
| What is Hypertropic eye | Focal point focused behind retina (far sighted) |
| What is myopic eye | Focal point focused in front of retina (near sighted) |
| There are two (2) types of photoreceptors, rods and cones. Visual acuity is gained when we switch from the __________ to the __________ system | Rods to cones |
| T or F - Depth perception is achieved because the eyes view the same image from slightly different angles | true |
| Which part(s) of the ear are involved with equilibrium | Inner ear |
| The auditory (or pharyngotympanic) tube is in which part of the ear | Middle ear |
| T or F - The purpose of the malleus, incus, and stapes is to transmit vibratory motion from the eardrum to the round window | False, it’s the oval window |
| T or F - The receptors in the crista ampullaris respond to angular movements of the head | TRUE |
| T or F - Cranial nerves are identified by a number and a name | TRUE |
| T or F - Spinal nerves are named according to the point they exit the vertebral column | TRUE |
| T or F - There are 32 cervical nerves: 8 cervical; 12 thoracic; 5 lumbar; 6 sacral; and, 1 coccygeal | FALSE -31. 8 cervical, 12 thoraic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral & 1 coccygeal |
| T or F - There are two (2) areas of the spinal cord that are larger than the rest of the spinal cord. These areas are called the cervical enlargement and the lumbar enlargement | TRUE |
| T or F - Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that arise from the spinal cord and come out in pairs, one out of each side of the vertebral column | TRUE |
| T or F - The most important nerve of the cervical plexus is the phrenic nerve | TRUE |
| Only one of the following statements about nerve plexuses is false | Choose the FALSE statement. |
| All ventral rami form interlacing nerve networks called plexuses. | False because all BUT T2-T12 Check book |
| T or F - The major nerves of the lumbar plexus are the femoral and obturator nerves | TRUE |
| T or F - The longest and thickest nerve of the body is the sciatic nerve. It is the major nerve of the thoracic plexus | FALSE No thoracic plexus. This part of sacral plexus |
| T or F - Dermatomes are the areas of the skin innervated by the cutaneous branches of spinal nerves. Each spinal nerve only innervates one area | TRUE |
| T or F - All spinal nerves except C1 participate in dermatomes | TRUE |
| T or F - The patellar reflex is an example of a stretch reflex | TRUE |
| T or F - A stretch reflex needs the impulse to reach the brain and come back down to cause the reaction of the muscle(s) | FALSE |
| What is an effector | This is a muscle fiber or gland that responds to the efferent impulse |
| What is Integration Center | It is either a monosynaptic or poly synaptic region within the CNS |
| What is Motor Neuron | This conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector |
| What is receptor | Site of stimulus |
| What is sensory Neuron | This transmits the afferent impulse to the CNS |
| T or F - The flexor reflex is initiated by a painful stimulus (actual or perceived) that causes automatic withdrawal of the threatened body part | TRUE |
| T or F - Superficial reflexes are initiated by rough cutaneous stimulation | FALSE, caused by gentle |
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