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chapters 7&8 anatomy
SKELETAL SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 6 functions of the skeletal system | support, protection, movement, blood cell formation, mineral storage, passageways for blood vessels and nerves |
| support does what? | supports soft tissue |
| protection does what? | protects internal organs? |
| movement does what? | skeletal muscles contract, pull on bones, together movement |
| blood cell formation does what? | red bone marrow produces blood cells |
| mineral storage does what? | ca2 + an p |
| passageways for blood vessels and nerves does what? | feature more then function |
| two types of tissues | connective and nervals |
| ends both proximal and distal epiphyses | epipthysis |
| bone shaft, long main portion | diaphysis |
| gristle at ends | articular cartilage |
| outer lining | periosteum |
| inner lining | endosteum |
| dense bone tissue | compact bone |
| bone separated by irregular spaces | spongy bone |
| marrow cavity in shaft | medullary cavity |
| connective tissue filling bone spaces | marrow |
| arrangement of compact bone | osteon |
| mature isolated bone cell | osteocyte |
| cavity around osteocyte | lacunae |
| vertical path for blood vessels | central canals |
| horizontal path for blood vessels | perforating canals |
| small canals that connect osteocytes to each other | canaliculi |
| bone formed on or within fibrous connective tissue membranes | intramembranous |
| bone formed in a cartilage model | endochondrial |
| cartilage layer within a long bone where growth takes place | epiphyseal plate |
| inside the spongy bone of flat bones and epiphysis of long bone | red marrow |
| blood cell formation. production of rbcs, wbcs and platelets | hematopolesis |
| what color happens due to hemoglobin in rbcs | red color |
| inside medullary cavities of long bones, stores fat | yellow marrow |
| what does bone marrow transplant treat | sickle cell disease and leukemia |
| increase osteoclast activity decrease osteoblasts, more matrix/bone broken down release ca2 up blood ca2 | parathroid hormone (PTH) |
| increase osteoblast activity, inhibit osteoblast, more ca2 + deposited into bone | calcitonin |
| what regions does bones and cartilage that supports and protects the head neck and trunk | skull, hyoid bone, vertebral colum, thoratic cage |
| what regions does bones of the upper and lower limbs and bones the connect limbs to the axial skeleton | pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle,lower limbs |
| how many total bones are there | 206 |
| rounded process that usually articulates with another bone | condyle |
| interlocking union between bones | suture |
| a prominent projection of a bone | process |
| an opening through a bone usually a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments | foramen |
| tubelike passageway within a bone | meatus |
| cavity within a bone | sinus |
| relatively deep pit or deression | fossa |
| infant soft spot, ossifaction is incomplete allowing skull compression durning delivery | fontanels |
| what are the functions of the hyoid bone | supports the tounge |
| regions does cervical have | 7 |
| regions does thoracic have | 12 |
| regions does lumbar have | 5 |
| regions does sacrum have | 5 fused |
| regions does coccyx have | 4 fused |
| how many true ribs | 5 |
| how many false ribs | 5 |
| how many floating ribs | last 2 pairs |
| supports the head with occipital condyles | atlas |
| pivots to allow the head to turn | axis |
| female smaller facial area more round jaw and mastoid process smaller | skull |
| female coxae lighter thinner | pelvic girdle |
| female cavity wider shorter roomier less funnel shaped | pelvic cavity |
| female wider sacral curve bent more sharply | sacrum |
| female more movable | coccyx |
| remove calcium from bone spaces and canals appear weaking | osteoporosis |
| protrusion of inner material of intervertebral disk | herniated slippled disk |
| vitamin d deficiency | rickets |
| vertebrae fail to join at the midline durning developement | spina bifida |
| what are the mineral salts in bone | calcium carbonate(caco3) and calcium phosphate (ca3)(po4)2 |
Created by:
katercheers
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