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A&P - Chap 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tissue | groups of associated cells that have the same function |
| epithelial tissue, epithelium (2 types) | covering/lining epithelium, glandular epithelium |
| 5 functions of epithelium | protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion |
| apical surface | free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ |
| does epithelium contain blood vessels? | NO (receives nutrients by diffusion) |
| basal surface is opposite of? lies on what? | apical, basal lamina |
| basal lamina | separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue |
| reticular lamina | connective tissue below the basal lamina |
| basement membrane is what two? | basal lamina + reticular lamina |
| simple epithelia (definition and 2 functions) | composed of single layer of cells, absorption and filtration |
| stratified epithelia (definition and 1 function) | composed of multiple stacked cell layers, protects against abrasion |
| squamous | flattened and scale-like |
| cuboidal | as tall as they are wide |
| columnar | tall and column shaped |
| endothelium | slick, friction reducing lining in lymphatic vessels and blood vessels and heart |
| mesothelium | found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and its organs |
| the epidermis of the skin is | keratinized |
| gland | one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product |
| do endocrine glands have ducts? | NO |
| endocrine glands produce what? | hormones |
| exocrine glands have ducts? | yes |
| exocrine glands secrete their products where? | body surfaces or into body cavities |
| mucin dissolves in water and forms? | mucus |
| merocrine glands secrete how? | by exocytosis |
| holocrine glands secrete how? | entire cell ruptures releasing secretions and dead cell fragments |
| apocrine glands secrete how? | apex of each cell pinches off and releases secretions |
| 3 examples of merocrine glands? | sweat, salivary, pancreas |
| 1 example of holocrine? | oil glands |
| 1 example of apocrine? | mammary glands |
| 4 functions of connective tissue? | binding/support, protection, insulation, transportation |
| connective tissue has what kind of matrix? | extracellular matrix, separates the living cells of the tissue |
| what is ground substance of connective tissue? composed of 2 things? | unstructured material that fills space between cells and contains fibers, contains interstitial fluid and proteoglycans |
| 3 types of fibers? | collagen, elastic, reticular |
| collagen fibers | provide high tensile strength |
| elastic fibers | provide extension and recoiling |
| fibroblasts are in what tissue? | connective |
| chondroblasts are in what tissue? | cartilage |
| osteoblasts are in what tissue? | bone |
| hemocytoblasts are in what tissue? | blood |
| what do blasts do? | synthesize the matrix and and the fibers of the matrix |
| blasts turn mature and are called? | cytes |
| 2 subgroups of connective tissue? | loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue |
| 3 loose connective tissues? | areolar, adipose, reticular |
| 3 dense connective tissues? | dense regular, dense irregular, elastic |
| areolar | membranes |
| adipose | fat |
| reticular | lymph, spleen |
| dense regular | tendons, ligaments |
| dense irregular | joint capsules |
| elastic connective tissue | aorta, trachea, vocal cords |
| 3 types of cartilage | hyaline, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage |
| hyaline | ribs |
| elastic cartilage | ear |
| fibrocartilage | intervertebral discs |
| osseous tissue | bone |
| mucous membranes are underlied by what? | lamina propria |
| intercalated discs | junctions that fit cardiac muscle cells together |
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