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(Chapter 11)
Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gastrointestinal system | the digestive system |
| or/o | oral cavity (mouth) |
| stomat/o | oral cavity (mouth) |
| Digestion | Begins in the mouth; the breaking down of food into small parts |
| oral | pertaining to the oral cavity (mouth) |
| herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the oral cavity caused by the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSVI) AKA cold sores or fever blisters |
| mastication | chewing |
| mechanical digestion | involves mastication |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| buccal | pertaing to a cheek |
| gloss/o | tounge |
| lingu/o | tounge |
| glossectomy | surgiccal removal of the tounge |
| sublingual | pertaining to under the tounge |
| hypoglossal | pertaining to under the tounge |
| glossorrhapy | suturing of the tounge |
| glossopathy | diseased condition of the tounge |
| Chemical digestion | Includes the secretion of saliva and HC1 |
| HC1 | hydrochloric acid found in the stomach |
| gingiv/o | gingiva(e) the gums |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gingivae (gums) |
| gingivectomy | surgical removal of a gingiva |
| plat/o | hard and soft palate (located at the roof of the oral cavity) |
| palatitis | inflammation of a palate |
| palatoplasty | surgical repair of a palate |
| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) |
| pharngitits | inflammation of the pharynx |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| esophagus | the tube connecting the pharynx and the stomach |
| esophagotomy | surgical incision of the esophagus |
| esophageal atresia | congenital closure of the esophagus |
| congenital | "born with" |
| gastr/o | stomach (located in the LUQ of the abdomen) |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastromy | surgical incision of the stomach |
| gastrostomy | new or artificial opening in the stomach |
| gastrectomy | excision of the stomach |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the oral cavity and stomach |
| gastroscopy | the process of viewing the stomach with a lighted instrument |
| gastrodynia | a condition of stomach pain |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Reflux | regurgitation (moving in the wrong direction) |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| duodenum | the 1st section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| EGD | EsophagoGastroduoDenoscopy viewing the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a lighted instrument |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| jejunum | 2nd section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| jejunojejuno anastomosis | a joining of one section of the jejunum to another section of the jejunum |
| gastrojejunostomy | a new/artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum |
| ile/o | ileum |
| ileum | 3rd section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| ileostomy | new/artifical opening into the ileum |
| enter/o | small intestine or small bowel |
| enterorraphy | suturing of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestine (small bowel) |
| gastroenterologist | a sepecialist in the study of the stomach and small intestine |
| cec/o | cecum |
| cecum | the 1st section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| ileocecal | pertaining to the ileum and the cecum |
| append/o appendic/o | appendix |
| appendix | finger-like projection of the cecum located in the RLQ of the abdomen, more specifically, located in the right inguinal (iliac) region of the abdomen |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| ascending colon | 2nd section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| transverse colon | 3rd section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| descending colon | 4th section of the large intestine (large bowelor colon) |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon, 5th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| sigmoaidoscope | a lighted instrument to view the sigmoid colon |
| rect/o | rectum |
| rectum | the 6th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| rectocele | herniation of the rectum |
| an/o | anus |
| anus | the last (7th) section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| sphincter | a ring of muscle that opens and closes |
| anoplasty | surgical repair of the anus |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| proctologist | a specialist in the study of the anus and rectum |
| proctoptosis | drooping/sagging of the anus and rectum |
| prolapse | drooping/sagging of the rectum |
| proctoscope | a lighted instrument to view the anus and rectum |
| proctosigmoidoscopy | process of viewing the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument |
| col/o colon/o | colon, large bowl, or large intestine |
| colitis | inflammation the the colon |
| UC | ulceritive colitis-inflammation of the colon and the presense of ulcers |
| colotomy | surgical incision of the colon |
| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon |
| colonoscope | lighted instrument to view the colon |
| colostomy | new/artifical opening into the colon |
| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon |
| hepat/o | liver-located in the RUQ |
| liver | made up of lobes, responsible for creating bile |
| bile | the function of bile is to emulsify (emulsification) |
| emulsify | to break up fats |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor or mass of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| chole- | bile or gall |
| cholecyst/o | gall bladder-located inferior to the liver |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| choledoch/o | bile duct (a vessel) |
| bile ducts | carry bile from the liver to the gall bladder and from the gall bladder to the duodenum |
| choledocholithiasis | abnormal condition of a stone(s) in a bile duct |
| choledocholithotomy | surgical incision of a bile duc to remove a stone |
| choledocholithectomy | surgical removal of a stone from a bile duct |
| choledocholithotripsy | crushing a stone in a bile duct |
| cholangioma | tumor or mass of a bile vessel |
| cholangiogram | a record of a bile vessel |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of a gall bladder |
| cholecystogram | a record of a gall bladder |
| cholelithiasis | abnormal condition of a gall stone(s) |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pancreas | located posterior to the stomach (retrogastric); creates enzymes that will aid in chemical digestion |
| pancreatic | pertaining to the pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| peritone/o | abdomen |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum (abdomen) |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the abdoemn |
| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen |
| laparotomy | surgical incision of the abdomen |
| laparoscope | lighted instrument to view the abdomen |
| laparoscopic cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder using a lighted instrument inserted thru an opening in the abdomen |
| diverticul/o | diverticulum(a) |
| diverticulua | blister-like lesions found in the large bowel |
| diverticulous | abnormal condition of the diverticula |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula |
| diverticulectomy | surgical removal of a diverticulum |
| polyp/o | polyp |
| polyp | premalignant lesion that can be found in the large bowel |
| polyposis | abnormal condition of polyps |
| polyectomy | surgical removal of a polyp |
| adhesion | tissue that sticks together that shouldn't |
| stoma | any new or artificial opening |
| dysphagia | a condition of painfulor difficult swallowing |
| aphagia | a condition of no swallowing |
| dysphasia | a condition of difficult speech |
| bradypepsia | (bradypepsic) a conidtion of slow digestion |
| dyspepsia | (dyspepsic) a condition difficult digestion AKA indigestion |
| herni/o | (hernia) a protrusion of an organ thru the muscular wall in which it is contained |
| herniorrhaphy | surturing of a hernia |
| hiatal hernia | herniation of the stomach thru the diaphragm |
| inguinal hernia | herniation of the small intestine into the scrotum |
| umbilical hernia | herniation of the small intestine thru the abdominal wall at the umbilicus (belly button) |
| strangulated hernia | the hernia occludes blood supply to the protruding tissue |
| anorexia | (anorexic) a condition of no appetite |
| halitosis | bad breath |
| eructation | (eructate) belching or burping |
| dental carries | extreme tooth decay |
| emesis | (emetic) pertaining to vomiting |
| hemoptysis | expectorating blood |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| ulcer | an erosion of the skin or mucous membrane |
| perforation | a tear or rip |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal series AKA barium swallow |
| Barium | radiopaque (conrast) material that will illuminate when exposed to x-rays |
| BaE / BE | barium enema |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - process of recording the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts using x-rays and a lighted instrument |
| resection | excision |
| EUS | endoscopic ultrasound - the process of recording the GI tract using sound and a lighted instrument |
| peristalsis | (peristaltic) pertaining to a wave-like action on the bowels that propels food thru the GI tract |
| borborygmos | the groaning/gurgling sounds made during peristalic activity |
| colic | painful spasms of the GI tract |
| stool | semisolid waste expelled thru the anus AKA feces |
| defecation | the act of expelling feces AKA bowl movement (BM) |
| flatus | (flatulence) gas exoelled thru the anus |
| diarrhea | loose watery stools |
| constipation | difficult defecation |
| impaction | as accumulation of feces in the bowel |
| ileus | a bowel obstruction |
| obstipation | constipation caused by a bowel obstruction (ileus) |
| melena | (melanotic) black, tarry, pungent stool indiative of blood in the fecal matter |
| pungent | a very strong aroma |
| Hemoccult | a test for occult blood in the stool |
| Hema-Chceck | a test for occult blood in the stool |
| Colo-Rect | a test for occult blood in the stool |
| Hematest | a test for occult blood in the stool |
| Seracult | a test for occult blood in the stool |
| guaiac | a test for occult blood in the stool |
| occult | hidden blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye |
| NG | nasogastric tube |
| gastric lavage | washing out the stomach AKA pumping the stomach |
| gavage | a feeding tube |
| distend | to strech out or inflate |
| cirrhosis | a chronic degeneration of liver cells |
| jaundice | a yellow-orangish discoleration of the skin and/or sclera |
| icterus | (iceturs) a yellow-orangish discoleration of the skin and/or sclera caused by a destruction of erythocytes |
| hemolysis | break up / destruction of eryrthocytes |
| bilirubin | dead / broken up erythrocytes |
| hyperbilirubinemia | a blood conditon of excessive bilirubin |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| absorb | movment of nutrients into the blood stream |
| postprandial | pertaing to after meals |
| enzymes | chemical catalysts; a chemical that causes a reaction to occur |
| N+V | nausea and vomiting |
| BS | blood sugar, bowel souns, or breath sounds |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy |
| TPN | total parental nutrition |
| hyperlimentation | (hyperal) total parental nutrition |
| O_P | ova and parasites |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| LFTs | liver function tests |
| SGOT | AST |
| SGPT | ALT |
| ALK. PHOS. | alkaline phosphatase |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| Px | prognosis |
| ā | before |
| p | after |
Created by:
RBarnes86
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