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(Chapter 11)
Digestive System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
gastrointestinal system | the digestive system |
or/o | oral cavity (mouth) |
stomat/o | oral cavity (mouth) |
Digestion | Begins in the mouth; the breaking down of food into small parts |
oral | pertaining to the oral cavity (mouth) |
herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the oral cavity caused by the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSVI) AKA cold sores or fever blisters |
mastication | chewing |
mechanical digestion | involves mastication |
bucc/o | cheek |
buccal | pertaing to a cheek |
gloss/o | tounge |
lingu/o | tounge |
glossectomy | surgiccal removal of the tounge |
sublingual | pertaining to under the tounge |
hypoglossal | pertaining to under the tounge |
glossorrhapy | suturing of the tounge |
glossopathy | diseased condition of the tounge |
Chemical digestion | Includes the secretion of saliva and HC1 |
HC1 | hydrochloric acid found in the stomach |
gingiv/o | gingiva(e) the gums |
gingivitis | inflammation of the gingivae (gums) |
gingivectomy | surgical removal of a gingiva |
plat/o | hard and soft palate (located at the roof of the oral cavity) |
palatitis | inflammation of a palate |
palatoplasty | surgical repair of a palate |
pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) |
pharngitits | inflammation of the pharynx |
esophag/o | esophagus |
esophagus | the tube connecting the pharynx and the stomach |
esophagotomy | surgical incision of the esophagus |
esophageal atresia | congenital closure of the esophagus |
congenital | "born with" |
gastr/o | stomach (located in the LUQ of the abdomen) |
gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
gastromy | surgical incision of the stomach |
gastrostomy | new or artificial opening in the stomach |
gastrectomy | excision of the stomach |
stomatogastric | pertaining to the oral cavity and stomach |
gastroscopy | the process of viewing the stomach with a lighted instrument |
gastrodynia | a condition of stomach pain |
GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
Reflux | regurgitation (moving in the wrong direction) |
duoden/o | duodenum |
duodenum | the 1st section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
EGD | EsophagoGastroduoDenoscopy viewing the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a lighted instrument |
jejun/o | jejunum |
jejunum | 2nd section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
jejunojejuno anastomosis | a joining of one section of the jejunum to another section of the jejunum |
gastrojejunostomy | a new/artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum |
ile/o | ileum |
ileum | 3rd section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
ileostomy | new/artifical opening into the ileum |
enter/o | small intestine or small bowel |
enterorraphy | suturing of the small intestine (small bowel) |
gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestine (small bowel) |
gastroenterologist | a sepecialist in the study of the stomach and small intestine |
cec/o | cecum |
cecum | the 1st section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
ileocecal | pertaining to the ileum and the cecum |
append/o appendic/o | appendix |
appendix | finger-like projection of the cecum located in the RLQ of the abdomen, more specifically, located in the right inguinal (iliac) region of the abdomen |
appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
ascending colon | 2nd section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
transverse colon | 3rd section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
descending colon | 4th section of the large intestine (large bowelor colon) |
sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon, 5th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
sigmoaidoscope | a lighted instrument to view the sigmoid colon |
rect/o | rectum |
rectum | the 6th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
rectocele | herniation of the rectum |
an/o | anus |
anus | the last (7th) section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
sphincter | a ring of muscle that opens and closes |
anoplasty | surgical repair of the anus |
proct/o | anus and rectum |
proctologist | a specialist in the study of the anus and rectum |
proctoptosis | drooping/sagging of the anus and rectum |
prolapse | drooping/sagging of the rectum |
proctoscope | a lighted instrument to view the anus and rectum |
proctosigmoidoscopy | process of viewing the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument |
col/o colon/o | colon, large bowl, or large intestine |
colitis | inflammation the the colon |
UC | ulceritive colitis-inflammation of the colon and the presense of ulcers |
colotomy | surgical incision of the colon |
colectomy | surgical removal of the colon |
colonoscope | lighted instrument to view the colon |
colostomy | new/artifical opening into the colon |
gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon |
hepat/o | liver-located in the RUQ |
liver | made up of lobes, responsible for creating bile |
bile | the function of bile is to emulsify (emulsification) |
emulsify | to break up fats |
hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
hepatoma | tumor or mass of the liver |
hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
chole- | bile or gall |
cholecyst/o | gall bladder-located inferior to the liver |
cyst/o | bladder |
choledoch/o | bile duct (a vessel) |
bile ducts | carry bile from the liver to the gall bladder and from the gall bladder to the duodenum |
choledocholithiasis | abnormal condition of a stone(s) in a bile duct |
choledocholithotomy | surgical incision of a bile duc to remove a stone |
choledocholithectomy | surgical removal of a stone from a bile duct |
choledocholithotripsy | crushing a stone in a bile duct |
cholangioma | tumor or mass of a bile vessel |
cholangiogram | a record of a bile vessel |
cholecystitis | inflammation of a gall bladder |
cholecystogram | a record of a gall bladder |
cholelithiasis | abnormal condition of a gall stone(s) |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
pancreas | located posterior to the stomach (retrogastric); creates enzymes that will aid in chemical digestion |
pancreatic | pertaining to the pancreas |
pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
peritone/o | abdomen |
lapar/o | abdomen |
peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum (abdomen) |
peritonitis | inflammation of the abdoemn |
abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen |
laparotomy | surgical incision of the abdomen |
laparoscope | lighted instrument to view the abdomen |
laparoscopic cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder using a lighted instrument inserted thru an opening in the abdomen |
diverticul/o | diverticulum(a) |
diverticulua | blister-like lesions found in the large bowel |
diverticulous | abnormal condition of the diverticula |
diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula |
diverticulectomy | surgical removal of a diverticulum |
polyp/o | polyp |
polyp | premalignant lesion that can be found in the large bowel |
polyposis | abnormal condition of polyps |
polyectomy | surgical removal of a polyp |
adhesion | tissue that sticks together that shouldn't |
stoma | any new or artificial opening |
dysphagia | a condition of painfulor difficult swallowing |
aphagia | a condition of no swallowing |
dysphasia | a condition of difficult speech |
bradypepsia | (bradypepsic) a conidtion of slow digestion |
dyspepsia | (dyspepsic) a condition difficult digestion AKA indigestion |
herni/o | (hernia) a protrusion of an organ thru the muscular wall in which it is contained |
herniorrhaphy | surturing of a hernia |
hiatal hernia | herniation of the stomach thru the diaphragm |
inguinal hernia | herniation of the small intestine into the scrotum |
umbilical hernia | herniation of the small intestine thru the abdominal wall at the umbilicus (belly button) |
strangulated hernia | the hernia occludes blood supply to the protruding tissue |
anorexia | (anorexic) a condition of no appetite |
halitosis | bad breath |
eructation | (eructate) belching or burping |
dental carries | extreme tooth decay |
emesis | (emetic) pertaining to vomiting |
hemoptysis | expectorating blood |
hematemesis | vomiting blood |
ulcer | an erosion of the skin or mucous membrane |
perforation | a tear or rip |
UGI | upper gastrointestinal series AKA barium swallow |
Barium | radiopaque (conrast) material that will illuminate when exposed to x-rays |
BaE / BE | barium enema |
ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - process of recording the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts using x-rays and a lighted instrument |
resection | excision |
EUS | endoscopic ultrasound - the process of recording the GI tract using sound and a lighted instrument |
peristalsis | (peristaltic) pertaining to a wave-like action on the bowels that propels food thru the GI tract |
borborygmos | the groaning/gurgling sounds made during peristalic activity |
colic | painful spasms of the GI tract |
stool | semisolid waste expelled thru the anus AKA feces |
defecation | the act of expelling feces AKA bowl movement (BM) |
flatus | (flatulence) gas exoelled thru the anus |
diarrhea | loose watery stools |
constipation | difficult defecation |
impaction | as accumulation of feces in the bowel |
ileus | a bowel obstruction |
obstipation | constipation caused by a bowel obstruction (ileus) |
melena | (melanotic) black, tarry, pungent stool indiative of blood in the fecal matter |
pungent | a very strong aroma |
Hemoccult | a test for occult blood in the stool |
Hema-Chceck | a test for occult blood in the stool |
Colo-Rect | a test for occult blood in the stool |
Hematest | a test for occult blood in the stool |
Seracult | a test for occult blood in the stool |
guaiac | a test for occult blood in the stool |
occult | hidden blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye |
NG | nasogastric tube |
gastric lavage | washing out the stomach AKA pumping the stomach |
gavage | a feeding tube |
distend | to strech out or inflate |
cirrhosis | a chronic degeneration of liver cells |
jaundice | a yellow-orangish discoleration of the skin and/or sclera |
icterus | (iceturs) a yellow-orangish discoleration of the skin and/or sclera caused by a destruction of erythocytes |
hemolysis | break up / destruction of eryrthocytes |
bilirubin | dead / broken up erythrocytes |
hyperbilirubinemia | a blood conditon of excessive bilirubin |
ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
absorb | movment of nutrients into the blood stream |
postprandial | pertaing to after meals |
enzymes | chemical catalysts; a chemical that causes a reaction to occur |
N+V | nausea and vomiting |
BS | blood sugar, bowel souns, or breath sounds |
IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy |
TPN | total parental nutrition |
hyperlimentation | (hyperal) total parental nutrition |
O_P | ova and parasites |
PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
LFTs | liver function tests |
SGOT | AST |
SGPT | ALT |
ALK. PHOS. | alkaline phosphatase |
Dx | diagnosis |
Px | prognosis |
ā | before |
p | after |