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QuestionAnswer
the legal right to vote suffrage
the constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans 15th Amendment
laws in southern states exempting persons whose grandfathers were eligible to vote in 1860 from taking literacy tests grandfather clauses
1915 supreme court decision declaring the grandfather clause unconstitutional Guinn v. United States
small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at times when African American sharecroppers had the least money on hand poll taxes
one of the means used to discourage African American voting that permitted politicfal parties in the South to exclude African Americans from primary elections white primary
constitutional amendment adopted in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections 24th amendment
1944 Supreme Court decision declaring white primaries unconstitutional Smith v. Allright
1966 Supreme Court decision that voided poll taxes in state elections Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage Voting Rights Act of 1965
When the Voting Rights Act passed in 165, only ____ African Americans held office in the ___ Southern states 70, 11
By the early 1980s, more than ______ African Americans held elected offices in those states. 2,500
There are currently more than ______ African American elected officials in the US. 9,000
Redrawing district boundaries was to avoid discriminatory ____ and not just discriminatory _____. results, intent
In redrawing the congressional district boundaries in 1990, ____ new US House districts were drawn specifically to help elect African Americans, while ___ were drawn to help Hispanics. 14, 6
1993 Supreme Court decision in which the Court decried the creation of districts based solely on racial composition Shaw v. Reno
1995 Supreme Court decision that held use of race as a "predominant factor" in drawing district lines should be unconstitutional Miller v. Johnson
Supreme Court decision that conscious consideration of race was not automatically unconstitutional if state's primary motivation was potentionally political rather than racial Hunt v. Cromartie
the oldest minority group American Indians
Nearly __ ________ people identify themselves as Native Americans 2 million
After this law, the federal government focused on assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American life Dawes Act of 1887
When did Congress make American Indians citizens of the US and give them the write to vote? 1924
law established in 1946 to settle financial disputes arising from lands taken from American Indians Indian Claims Act
Almost ___ of American Indians live on or near a reservation half
1978 Supreme Court decision strengthening the tribal power of individual tribe members and furthering self-government by Indian tribes Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez
Who was the first Native American elected to Congress as a US Senator from Colorado in 1992? Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Hispanic Americans compose about ___ percent of the US population, making it the largest minority group 14
There are now more than ______ elected Hispanic officials in the United States 4,600
The Asian American population rose from ___ percent to ___ percent from 1960 to 2000, making it the fastest growing minority group 0.4, 4
1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during WW2 Korematsu v. US
There are more than __ _______ persons of Arab ancestry in the United States. 1.2 million
Created by: gingertribble
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