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CIRCULATORY Basic 1
Blood
| QUESTION | ANSWER |
|---|---|
| HEMATOCRIT (HCT) ? | Percentage of Formed Elements in the Blood, Primarily Red Blood Cells. |
| HEMATOCRIT (HCT) Normal Count ? | 45 % |
| Pints of Blood in a Human Body ? | Around 10 |
| Blood is a CONNECTIVE TISSUE. True or False ? | TRUE. The only Fluid part of Blood is Plasma, the rest are Formed Elements. |
| Formed Elements of Blood ? | Red Cells, White Cells & Platelets. |
| What is the % of Water in Plasma ? | 92 % |
| The 8 % of PLASMA that is not Water is ? | Proteins, Salt Molecules, Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide Gases, Nutrients (Glucose, Fats & amino Acids), Waste Products, Hormones, Vitamins & Clotting Factors. |
| PLASMA PROTEINS are Created in the ? | LIVER |
| 3 types of PLASMA PROTEINS are ? | ALBUMIN, FIBRINOGEN & IMMUNOGLOBULIN. |
| Plasma Protein ALBUMIN ? | Smallest & most Abundant Protein. Albumin Maintains the Proper OSMETIC Pressure in the Blood Stream. |
| Plasma Protein Albumin, OSMETIC Pressure ? | OSMOSIS - The Correct Osmetic Pressure in the Blood Stream ensures that a good Balance exists between Solutes (Particles) & Solution (Liquid), Which helps to Maintain the Proper PH Levels. |
| Plasma Protein Albumin OSMOSIS ? | Osmosis is the action of Water following Solutes. the Albumin, along with certain Electrolytes floating in the Plasma (such as Sodium & Potassium Ions), act as Solutes, & water moves from the Body's Tissues into the Blood. |
| Plasma Protein Albumin PH ? | The Measure of ACIDITY or ALKALINITY based on the Concentrations of HYDROGEN IONS in a Solution. |
| Plasma Protein FIBRINOGEN ? | During the Process of CLOT formation, Fibrinogen is Converted into Threads of FIBRIN, Which then Form a Meshlike Structure that Traps Blood cells to form a Clot. |
| Plasma Protein IMMUNOGLOBULIN ? | Another word for ANTIBODY. |
| Plasma Protein IMMUNOGLOBULIN are Created in Response to ? | An Invading MICROBE, Whether it's a Virus or Bacteria. |
| Plasma Protein IMMUNOGLOBULIN, What happens when a Microbe Invades ? | Immunoglobins are formed as the Immune System fights of the Microbe. The Immunoglobins Continue to Circulate in the Blood incase of a return of the same Invading Microbe. |
| RED Blood Cells (RBC's) are otherwise known as ? | ERYTHRO CYTES |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, What is Different about RBC's Compaired to other Cells ? | NUCLEI |
| ERYTHRO CYTES. What is Their Function ? | Carry Oxygen to Tissues & Return Co2 to LUNGS |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, How Long is their life span ? | Around 120 days. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, The Heamoglobin in RBC's is Made up of ? | A Protein Formed of from a Globin Molecule & 4 Molecules of Heam, Which Contain IRON. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES. IRON in Heamoglobin Allows ? | The Iron in Heamoglobin Binds Oxygen so that Hemoglobin can Carry it Through the Blood. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, What Happens when Oxygen Binds to Heamoglobin ? | The Compound OxyHemoglobin is formed. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, Oxyhemoglobin ? | Is Bright RED & Provides the Colour you see in Blood coming from Arteries. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, What happens when Oxyhemoglobin Releases Oxygen ? | The Remaining Compound is DeOxyHemoglobin. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES Deoxyhemoglobin ? | This Substance has a Deep Purple Colour, which is why Veins look Blue. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, Made Where ? | Red Bone MARROW. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, What Happens to RBC's when they DIE ? | A PHAGOCYTE Engulfs "Eats" it. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, PHAGOCYTE ? | A Large Cell that Engulfs Cellular Debris & Carries it to where it can be Removed from the Body. |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, Where does the PHAGOCYTE Carry the Dead RBC's to be DESTROYED ? | To the LIVER or SPLEEN |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, how Many RBC's are Destroyed in the Liver a SECOND ? | Around 2.5 MILLION |
| ERYTHRO CYTES, What Happens to the Heamoglobin after the Liver has Broken it Down ? | It's Released & Broken into Protiens, Globin & Heam, The IRON is Extracted from the Heam & is Recycled back to the Red Bone Marrow to be put into Newly Developing RBC's. |
| WHITE Blood Cells (WBC's) are otherwise known as ? | LEUCO CYTES |
| LEUCO CYTES, What do they contain ? | Antibodies. |
| LEUCO CYTES, What is their Function ? | Protect from INFECTION, Ingest BACTERIA, Produce ANTIBODIES. |
| LEUCO CYTES Are Larger than a Red Blood Cell True or False ? | TRUE & their arn't as many either. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Name the 2 Main types ? | GRANULAR & AGRANULAR Leuco Cytes. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Granular ? | Are BAS-OPHILIS, EOSIN-OPHILIS & NEUTR-OHILIS, Which are called Granular Leukocytes because they have Tiny Protein Particles that Prominently Surround their NUCLEI. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Agranular ? | Although these WBC's do have the Protein Particles Around their NUCLEI, they arn't as Obvious |
| LEUCO CYTES Protein Particles Contain ? | Enzymes & other Substances that act as Natural Antibiotics that help to Kill Bacteria & Viruses. |
| LEUCO CYTES, White Blood Cells also Exist Where ? | In Tissue Fluid that Surrounds Cells & Lymph. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Granular EOSIN-OPHILIS Function ? | Numbers Increase durin Allergic Reactions & Parasitic Infections. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Granular, NEUTR-OPHILIS Function ? | 1st to Respond to Infections; they Phagocytize (Eat & Discard) Bacteria & Cellular Debris. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Granular BASE-OPHILIS Function ? | Seep out of Blood Vessels Into Tissues at Site of Injury; Release Histamine to Dilate blood Vessels in area (allowing more Oxygen, Nutrients & Immune cells to get to Injured Tissues & Speed Repair. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Agranular B LYMPH-OCYTES Function ? | Form Antibodies used to Fight Infections. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Agranular T LYMPH-OCYTES Function ? | T Cells help to keep you Healthy by Destroying Cells that Contain Foreign Material, Referred to as Antigens. |
| LEUCO CYTES, Agranular MON-OCYTES Function ? | Largest of the WBC's; Mature into Macrophages, Cells of the Immune System that Engulf Disease-causing Microbes & Spur other WBC's into Action. |
| PLATELETS ? | Tiny Pieces of Cells |
| PLATELETS Come From ? | MEGA-KARY-OCYTES |
| MEGAKARYOCYTES Are ? | Large Cells that exist in the Red Bone Marrow which Break into Fragments which are the Platelets. |
| PLATELETS Function is to ? | Begin the CLOTTING Process & Plug up Injured Blood Vessels. |
| PLATELETS Live for ? | Around 10 days. |
| PLATELETS Otherwise Known as ? | THROMBOCYTE |
| The Process that Makes Red Blood Cells in the Red Bone Marrow is Called ? | HEMATOPOIESIS |
| Blood is Made in the Red Bone Marrow of the ? | Vertebrae, Ribs, Skull & at the ends of Long Bones. |
| What is Used to form Red Blood Cells in Red Bone Marrow ? | STEM CELLS |
| A Stem Cell is MULTIPOTENT Because ? | It has the Potential to Become Many Different Types of Cell. |
| Forming a Red Blood Cell, Stem Cell Divides into ? | A Stem cell in the Red Marrow Divides into 2 MYELOID Stem Cells,Which go on to Become a B or T Lymphocyte or it can Differentiate into a Erythroblast, Megakaryoblast or Myeoblast. |
| Forming a Blood Cell, Erythroblast Matures Into ? | An Erythrocyte, a RBC. |
| Forming a Blood Cell, A Megakaryoblast Matures into ? | An Megokaryocyte, which Fragments into Platelets. |
| Forming a Blood Cell, Myeloblast can Differentiate Into ? | Any 1 of the 4 Types of White Blood Cell, Baseophilis, Eosinophilis, Neutrophilis or Monocytes. |
| Forming a Blood Cell, What Happens to the Blood Cells after they have Matured in the Bones ? | They Enter the Circulatory System, which then Transports them around the Body. |
| Blood Cells are also a part of which other systems ? | Respiratory, Digestive & Immune |
| What Blood Cells do to help RESPIRATION ? | Transport Oxygen from the lungs to every other Cell in the Body. |
| What Blood Cells do to help DIGESTION ? | Carry Nutrients derived from eaten foods to all Cells in the Body. |
| What Blood Cells do to help EXCREATION & URINATION ? | Carry wastes disposed of by cells that filter the Blood to Remove Wastes. |
| What Blood Cells do to help, IMMUNE ? | Transport the Cells that fight off Organisms that Invade the Body. |
| Normal Blood Glucose level ? | 0.1 % Insulin helps maintain the Blood Glucose Level. |
| Normal Blood Pressure ? | 120/80 Millimeteres. |
| Normal Blood Temp ? | 98.6 Degrees Farrenheit. |
| Normal Blood PH ? | 7.4. |
Created by:
Grendeloak
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