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9/23 Reading
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals | civil rights |
| What are the three key types of inequality in America? | racial discrimination, gender discrimination, and discrimination based on other factors |
| True/False: Jefferson insisted throughout his life that African Americans were genetically inferior to Whites. | True |
| Which revolution focused more on equality? | French Revolution |
| Who said "I am speaking of the rights of a people, rights imply equality"? | Richard Bland |
| Where is the only place in the Constitution where equality is mentioned? | 14th Amendment |
| 1880 Supreme Court decision where the SC invalidated a law banning African Americans from jury service | Strauder v. West Virginia |
| What is the standard of review for race? | inherently suspect |
| What is the standard of review for gender? | intermediate standard |
| What is the standard of review for other classifications? | reasonableness |
| What are the three eras that delineate the African American struggle for equality? | eras of slavery, reconstruction and resegregation, civil rights |
| Most African Americans lived in slavery for the first ___ years of American settlement | 250 |
| 1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories | Scott v. Sandford |
| The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude | 13th Amendment |
| Who said any black man was "chattel" and had no rights? | Chief Justice Taney |
| What did the Scott v. Sanford decision invalidate? | Missouri Compromise |
| Many African American men held federal and state offices for the first ____ years after the war. | 10 |
| Who promised to pull the troops out of the South and let the states resume as usual to ensure his 1876 election? | Rutheford Hayes |
| 1896 Supreme Court decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring "equal but separate accommodations for the Whit and colored races" was constitutional | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Who did President Eisenhower appoint just before the Brown v. Board of Education case? | Chief Justice Earl Warren |
| 1954 Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation in Topeka, Kansas, was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the fourteenth amendment. | Brown v. Board of Education |
| When did Eisenhower have to send in troops to integrate Central High School in Little Rock? | 1957 |
| 1969 Supreme Court decision that withdrew their earlier grant of time to school authorities to integrate the schools | Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education |
| 1971 Supreme Court decision that upheld the practice of busing students to receive racially balanced schools | Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools |
| An example of _ ___ segregation is when a child is assigned to a school near their home and the neighborhoods are racially segregated | de facto |
| How much did Kansas City spend under federal court orders to attract White students? | 1.5 billion |
| 1995 Supreme Court decision indicating SC would not look favorably on continued federal control of the district | Missouri v. Jenkins |
| the law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination | Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| What did the Civil Rights act create to monitor and enforce protections against job discrimination? | EEOC |
| law that took steps to forbid the discrimination in the sale or rental of housing | Open Housing Act of 1968 |