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Intro to A&P - WHS
WHS A&P Vocabulary Introduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anatomy | structure of an organism |
| physiology | the study of the functions of an organism |
| homeostasis | the relatively stable state of equilibrium of an organism and its parts |
| anatomical position | standard position in which the body is facing forward, feet are parallel, and the arms are at the sides with palms facing forward |
| pathology | the study of disease |
| negative feedback | mechanism of homeostasis that tends to stabilize a process by reducing its rate or output |
| positive feedback | mechanism of homeostasis feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output |
| frontal plane | plane that divides the body into front and back sections |
| transverse plane | plane that divides the body into top and bottome sections |
| sagittal plane | plane that divides the body into left and right sections |
| midsagittal plane | plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves |
| body cavity | a hollow place or space within the body or one of its organs |
| receptor | a sensory nerve ending that receives information about a stimulus |
| effector | an organ that produces a response based on information from the control center |
| control center | brain or spinal cord, where information from a stimulus is processed and a response generated |
| supine | lying on the back, palms and face upward |
| prone | lying on the stomach, palms and face downward |
| x-ray | image created by sending electromagnetic radiation through body parts, solid parts appear white |
| MRI | abbreviation for magnetic resonance imaging, uses a large circular magnet and radio waves to generate signals from atoms in the body creating images of internal structures |
| CAT Scan | abbreviation for computerized axial tomography, uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed, cross-sectional images, or slices, of organs and body parts |
| ultrasound | sound waves pass through the body producing echoes, which can identify distance, size and shape of internal structures |
| abdominopelvic quadrant | two lines intersecting through the bellybutton creating four equal regions of the torso below the diaphragm |
| superior | above or on top |
| inferior | below or under |
| cranial | toward the head, a.k.a. cephalic |
| cephalic | toward the head, a.k.a. cranial |
| caudal | toward the tailbone |
| anterior | front, a.k.a. ventral |
| posterior | back, a.k.a. dorsal |
| ventral | stomach side |
| dorsal | back side |
| medial | toward the midline of the body |
| lateral | away from the midline of the body |
| proximal | toward the point of attachment or origin (used for limbs only) |
| distal | away from the point of attachment or origin (used for limbs only) |
| superficial | toward the skin or surface |
| deep | toward the internal organs or away from the surface |
| sural | region of the calf |
| gluteal | region of the buttocks |
| pelvic | region between the front of the hips |
| inguinal | region where legs attach to the torso |
| umbilical | region of the bellybutton |
| carpal | region of the wrist |
| digital | region of the fingers |
| pubic | region just above the genitals |
| metabolism | sum of all the chemical processes that build up and break down cells |
| organism | single living thing |
| organ system | organs working together to perform a specific function |
| organ | multiple tissues working together to perform a specific function |
| tissue | cells working together to perform a specific function |
| cell | living matter surrounded by a membrane |
| reproductive system | organ system which functions in creating offspring (penis and testes in males, ovaries, uterus, and vagina in females) |
| urinary system | organ system which functions in maintaining water balance and eliminating nitrogen wastes (kidneys, urinary tract) |
| digestive system | organ system which breaks down and absorbs nutrients (stomach, intestines, liver) |
| respiratory system | organ system that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide (trachea, lungs, bronchi, alveoli) |
| lymphatic system | organ system that returns fluids that have escaped from cells to the blood and also assists with immunity (spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils) |
| cardiovascular system | organ system responsible for transporting gases, nutrients, and wastes through the blood (heart, blood vessels) |
| endocrine system | organ system that releases hormones to control metabolism (glands) |
| nervous system | organ system that receives and interprets stimuli and generates responses to effector organs (brain, spinal cord, nerves) |
| muscular system | organ system that creates movement (muscles, tendons) |
| skeletal system | organ system that provides protection and support for body parts (bones, cartilage, ligaments) |
| integumentary system | organ system that provides protection for the body (skin, hair, nails) |
| crural | region of the shin |
| orbital | region around they eye |
| axillary | region of the armpit |
| popliteal | region behind the knee |
| sacral | region of the tail bone |
| coxal | region of the hip bones |
| sternal | region of the breast bone |
| fibular | region of the outside of the lower leg |
| tarsal | region underneath the ankle |
| brachial | region of the upper arm |
| vertebral | region over the entire spine |
| thoracic | region of the rib cage |
| abdominal | region below the bellybutton |
| lumbar | region of the lower spine |
| antecubital | region of the front of the elbow |
| oral | region of the mouth |
| deltoid | region of the shoulder |
| femoral | region of the front of the thigh |
| patellar | region of the kneecap |
| scapular | region of the shoulder blade |
| occipital | region of the back of the head |
| buccal | region of the cheeks |
| nasal | region of the nose |
| cervical | region of the neck |
| acromial | region of the top of the shoulder |
Created by:
mshunt
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