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Blood Pathologies
Blood Vessel and Blood Pathologies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atherosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries |
| Arteriosclerosis | Shrinking and loss of elasticity in artery walls |
| Polyarteritis nodosa | Autoimmune-caused inflammation of medium and small muscular arteries |
| Giant Cell arteritis | Macrophages invade medium sized arteries, most often in temporal region of the head |
| Reynaud's disease | Muscular arteries and arterioles constrict rapidly and abnormally |
| Hypertension | Causes increased cardiac workload, arteries become worn and positive feedback effect worsens over time |
| Varicose Veins | Faulty valves cause veins in lower limbs to become dilated; aggrivated by standing for long periods of time |
| Thrombophlebitis | Thrombotic occlusion of the veins preventing outflow of veinous blood and promotes the likelihood of varicosities forming |
| Stroke | Caused by cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, and/or burst aneurysms |
| Transient Ischemic Attacks | Characterized by sudden, temporary weakness or numbness in face, arm, and/or leg on one side of the body |
| Anemia | Blood pathology characterized by reduced hemoglobin levels |
| Aplastic Anemia | Generalized bone marrow failure, accompanied by leukopenia and thrombocytopenia |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia | Most common form of anemia, causes blood cells to be small and contain less hemoglobin |
| Megaloblastic | Due to deficiency of Vitamin B12 or folic acid needed for DNA synthesis and blood cell production |
| Hemolytic | Type of anemia due to red blood cell destruction (hemolysis) |
| Sickle-cell Anemia | Autosomal dominant disease affecting one of the beta hemoglobin chains |
| Polycythemia | Also known as erythrocytosis |
| Primary Polycythemia | Due to a malignancy in the red blood cell line; blood becomes viscous leading to hypertension |
| Secondary Polycythemia | Non-neoplastic disease due to prolonged hypoxia |
| Leukopenia | Reduced number of white blood cells, usually caused by toxins, cancer therapies, or HIV |
| Leukocytosis | Increased number of white blood cells; normal response to infection |
| Leukemia | Bone marrow contains malignant cells; results in increased leukocytes in blood, anemia, recurrent infections and uncontrolled bleeding |
| Lymphoma | Malignancies of lymphocytes and their precursors; accounts for about 3% of all human malignancies |
| Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | Symptoms include lymph node enlargement, systemic problems, tumor spreads to other tissues (e.g., brain) |
| Hodgkin's Disease | Malignant lymphoma diagnosed by presence of Reed-Sternberg cells |
| Multiple Myeloma | Malignant disease of the plasma cells; most patients over 45 years old |
| Hemorrhage | Bleeding disorder; includes three different types: external, internal or purpura |
| Purpura | Bleeding from multiple sites |
| Thrombocytopenia | Too few platelets; due to aplastic anemia, leukemia, drugs, infectious agents--blood does not clot properly |
| Thrombocytosis | Too many platelets; usually due to myeloid malignancy |
| Hemophilia | Sex-linked recessive genetic disorder due to lack of factor VIII or XI needed for normal blood clotting |
Created by:
MarilynKoch
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