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POLS Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are politics about | Who gets what, how, and when Conflict (ex: scarce resources or disagreement over values) |
| One way to resolve conflict | Politics Government manages conflict |
| Goals of Government | Maintain order Maintain freedom Protect and Promote equality |
| Communitarian | (order/equality) More government in moral and economic issues |
| Conservative | (order) 1. Less government in economic issues 2. More government in moral issues |
| Liberal | (equality) 1. More government in economic issues 2. Less government in moral issues |
| Libertarian | (freedom) Less government in economic and moral issues |
| Autocracy | Single ruler |
| Oligarchy | Group rules |
| Democracy | Governed by people |
| Direct Democracy | Everyone in population assembles and votes collectively |
| Indirect Democracy | Representation (USA) |
| Procedural Democracy | A view of democracy as being embodied in a decision-making process that involves universal participation, political equality, majority rule, and responsiveness |
| Universal Participation | Everyone has opportunity to participate in government decision-making |
| Political Equality | Everyone able to participate |
| Majority Rule | Majority decision |
| Government responsiveness to public opinion | Follow public opinion, follow majority |
| Substantive Democracy | The view that democracy is embodied in the substance of government policies rather than in the policymaking procedure. Principles include: Amendments to Constitution, Civil liberties, civil rights, and minority rights |
| Pluralism | Run by competing groups (interest groups) |
| Majoritarianism | Run by majority opinion |
| Elitism | Run by elite (small group) |
| What are Structural rules | 1. How things work 2. Procedures 3. Institutions |
| What are Policy rules? | 1. Decision that are made 2. Favor majority party |
| Democratization | Government transition from authoritarian to democracy |
| Three characteristics of King George III's reign over the colonies | 1. Taxation without representation 2. Government lost legitimacy 3. Used coercive force |
| What happened at the 1st Continental Congress (1774)? | Adopted statement of rights |
| What happened at the 2nd Continental Congress (1776)? | Declaration of Independence from Britain |
| When were the Articles of Confederation written? | 1777 |
| When were the Articles of Confederation ratified? | 1781 |
| What was the goal of the Articles of Confederation? | Central government given little power |
| Characteristics of Articles of Confederation government? | 1. National government given power from states 2. Loose association of states 3. Weak central government |
| Key Features of Articles of Confederation | 1st national congress One vote per state (in Congress) Set up supermajority (need 9/13 states to create a law) Need complete agreement from states to change articles Each state retained sovereignty (states were the ultimate authority) |
| Problems with the Articles of Confederation? | 1. No power to tax, therefore no revenue. Relied on loans from states 2. No regulation of commerce. States traded with other states 3. States established their own military 4. No single leader |
| Describe what happened in Shay's Rebellion | 1786, Massachusetts. Farmers angry with high taxes from states, attacked courthouse. Started a national crisis, national government couldn't control because powerless. People stopped attending Congress=nat govt halted and legitimacy govt questioned |
| What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention? | 1. To revise the Articles of Confederation 2. Ended up having secret meetings for 4 months with 55 men 1. Ended up writing Constitution |
| What were the principles the founding fathers based the Constitution on? | 1. Classical liberalism 2. Theory of rights 3. Protected rights - life, liberty, property |
| What did the Constitution do? | 1. 1st complete national constitution 2. Set structural rules 3. PLAN = strong central government |
| What did the representation in Congress look like? | 1. Large states - Virginia Plan 2. Small states - New Jersey Plan 3. Connecticut Compromise - Great Compromise |
| What was the debate over? | 1. Branches of government 2. Houses of Congress 3. Executive 4. Courts |
| Virginia Plan | 2 houses Representatives based on population 3 branches of government with separate powers Force, make, and interpret laws Congress, Executive, (one person elected by Congress), and Courts (chosen by Congress) ADVANTAGED:: large states and Congress |
| New Jersey Plan | 1. 3 branches 1. Congress, Executive (board of people voted on by Congress), and Courts (appointed by executive board) 2. 1 house of Congress (every state has equal representation) 3. ADVANTAGED:: small states |
| Connecticut Compromise | 3 branches 1. Congress - 2 houses (Senate = NJ plan, HOR = Virginia plan) 2. Executive - 1 person but has other people 3. Courts - makes sure others are Constitutional |
| 3/5 Clause | Congress split on how to count slaves for representation and taxation. North wanted them to count for taxation by not total population and South wanted to count them for total population but not tax. Compromise was counting each slave as 3/5 of a person |
| What are the different aspects of divided authority? | 1. Separation of powers (branches of government) 2. Checks and balances 3. Bicameralism 4. Federalism |
| What did the Federalists believe in? | 1. Supported ratification (Madison and Hamilton) 2. Argued for strong national government 3. State government more likely to be dominated by a single factor |
| What did Anti-Federalists believe in? | Oppose ratification |
| What were the powers of the nation? | 1. Enumerated (expressed powers) 1. Art. 1, sect. 8 - national government, powers 2. Art. 1, sect. 10 - restrictions on states 3. Art. VI - supremacy clause 2. Implied |
| What are the powers of the state? | Reserved power - 10th amendment 1. Powers not delegated to federal government by Constitution, nor prohibited to states are reserved to states |
| What was the 1st era? | States vs National government - uncertainty 1. 1789-1865 2. McCulloch v. Maryland (Maryland wanted to tax national bank, couldn't) |
| What was the 2nd era? | Dual Federalism - separation of powers 1. 1865-1937; layer cake |
| What was the 3rd era? | Cooperative federalism - shared 1. Marble cake |
| Characteristics of Cooperative Federalism | 1. States and national government need to share responsibility 2. Costs/Benefits of division of power? 3. Who is in charge? |
| Current Debates dealing with Constitution? | 1. Medicinal marijuana 2. Immigration laws - enforcement 3. Health care reform 4. Marriage laws 5. Voting laws 6. Education (no child left behind) |
| Civil Liberties | Bill of Rights Apply to nat. govt., court cases applied to state govt. Conflicts: freedom and order |
| 1st Amendment | Freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly |
| Freedom of Speech | Clear and Present Danger test, restrictions on speech if threatens interest of nation. Obscene speech not protected |
| Freedom of Religion | Goal-create wall of separation between Church and State |
| Establishment Clause of Freedom of Religion | Congress shall make no law respecting on establishment of religion Issues: aid to church-related schools, school prayer, prayer outside classroom, evolution |
| Free Exercise Clause of Freedom of Religion | Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion |
| Lemon Test Requirements | 1. Is the government aid secular? 2. Aid cannot promote or endorse religion 3. Government avoids excessive entanglement with religion |
| 2nd Amendment | Right to bear arms |
| 3rd Amendment | Quartering of soldiers |
| Protected Freedoms | 4,5,6,7, and 8th amendments Limits on conduct of police Criminal procedure-Miranda rights Cruel+unusual punishment Trial rights |
| USA Patriot Act | They can... roving wiretaps, court-ordered searches of records, surveillance of non-American "lone-wolf" suspects, etc. |
| 9th Amendment | Rights retained to people. People have rights that aren't in Constitution |
| 10th Amendment | Rights reserved to states |
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njones9297
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