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chemical basis life
CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the organic substances | carbonhydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| what are the uses in the body for carbohydrates | immediate energy, shoot- term energy storage, cell structure |
| elements of carbohrdrates | c,h,o |
| monomers of carbohydrates | monosaccharides |
| examples of a monosaccharides | fructose, glucose |
| examples of a disaccharides | sucrose, lactose |
| examples of a polysaccharides | starches, glycogen |
| lipose is what | fat |
| elements in a lipid | c,h,o,p |
| what are the three examples of lipids and their uses | fats, energy storage...phospholipids, form cell membrane and other structures...steroids, form hormones, bile |
| fats,phospholipids,steroids what do they do | energy storage...form cell membrane and other structures...form hormones, bile |
| what does a triglyceride monomers contain | glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| all single bonds b/w C atoms- fully filled with H is | saturated |
| one or more double bonds b/w C atoms- spaces for more H | unsaturated |
| what is a better energy source for the body | carbs |
| elements in a protein | c,h,o,n and sometimes s |
| uses in a protein in the body | structures, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, energy |
| monomers of proteins | amino acids |
| components of an amino acid | amino acid, carboxyl group, side chain |
| how many diff amino acids exist | 20 |
| what creates the various diff proteins | different R groups |
| 3 dimenstional shape caused by different amino acids | native conformation |
| shape changes or falls apart due to heating, beating, freezing, electricity,ph | denaturation |
| elements in nucleic acids | c,h,o,p,n |
| monomers of nucleic acids | nucelotides |
| nucleotides are made up of | sugar, phosphates, nitrogenous base |
| store info to make up proteins, pass on info to daughter cells?? | functions of deoxyribonucleic |
| function of ribonucleic acid | copy info to make proteins |
| synthesisrxns- building molecules | anabolism |
| dehydration happens in what | anabolism |
| as bond is formed h2o is released | dehydration synthesis |
| breakdown molecules | catabolism |
| consumes water in what | catabolism |
| what is broken down to split a larger molecule | hydrolysis |
| proteins that spend the rate of chemical reactions, they are biological catalysts | enzymes |
| the molecule that a particular enzyme acts upon | substrate |
| pockets on the enzyme where the substrate attaches | active site |
| inorganic enzyme activator | cofactor |
| organic enzyme activator | coenzyme |
| a chemical from the enviroment needed by the body | nutrient |
| body needs a large amount- carbs, lipids, proteins | macronutrients |
| body needs small amounts- vitamins, minerals | micronutrients |
| the amount of heat needed to raise the temputure of water, and cal or kcal = | calorie, 1000cals |
| carbohydrates uses in the body | immediate energy, short term energy storage, building some cell structures |
| broken into monosaccharides | digestion |
| lipids uses in the body | triglyceriods, phospholipids, steroids |
| kilocalories per gram in lipids = | 9.3 |
| essential fatty acids or what required for phospholipid synthesis also linolenic | unoleic acid |
| kilocalories per gram in a protein | 4.5 |
| breaks down proteins into what | amino acids |
| breaks triglycerides into what | glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| if inadequate glucose or fat is available, the liver converts amino acids into glucose and produces ATP through cellular respiration...the conversion requires what | deamination producing NH3 waste |
| large organic molecules | vitamins |
| vitamins can also be called | coenzymes |
| there are two types of vitamins what are they fat soluble, and water soluble | A,D,E,K and BS,C |
| small inorganic ions or compounds | minerals |
| what are thease cooling, transport, waste removal, metabolism, shock absorber | water uses in the body |
| rate of chemical reactions measured by heat produced | metabolic rate |
| what are metabolic rate measured in | kcals |
| rate in the body produces heat while at rest | basal metabolic rate |
| in basal metabolic rate energy is used to what | regulate body temp, breathing, heartbeat, anabolism |
| kilocalories per gram in a carbohydrates | 3.7 |
Created by:
katercheers
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