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A&P-Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of cartilage is most pleantiful in the adult body? | Hyline cartilage |
| What two body structures contain flexible elastic cartilage? | The epiglottis and external ear cartilage |
| Cartilage grows by interstitial growth. What does this mean? | Interstitial growth is growth from within |
| What are the components of the axial skeleton? | The skull, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage |
| Contrast the general function of the azial skeleton to that of the appendicular skeleton. | Axial skeleton-establish the long axis of the body & protect the structure it encloses. Appendicular- allow us mobility for propulsion & manipulatrion of our environment |
| What bone class doe the ribs and skull bones fall into? | Flat Bones |
| What is the functional relationship between skeletal muscles and bones? | Skeletal muscles use bones as levers to cause movement of the body and its parts. |
| What two types of substances are stored in bone matrix? | Minerals and growth factors |
| What are two fuctions of a bone's marrow cavities? | Serve as sites for blood cell formation and fat storage |
| Are crests, tubercles, and spines bony projectinos or concavities? | Bony projections |
| How does the structure of compact bone differ from that of spongy bone when viewed with the naked eye? | Compact bone looks fairly solid and homogeneous and spongy bones have an open network of bone spicules |
| What membrane lines the internal canals and covers the trabeculae of a bone? | Endosteum |
| Which component of bone-organic or inorganic-makes it hard? | Inorganic |
| What name is given to a cell that has a ruffled border and acts to break down bone marrow? | Osteoclast |
| Bones don't begin as bones. What do they begin as? | fibrous membranes or hyaline cartilages |
| When describing endochondral ossification, some say "bone chases cartilage." What does that mean? | The cartilage model grows. then breaks down and is replaced by bone. |
| Where is the primary ossification center located in a long bone? Where is (are) the secondary osssification center(s) located? | The primary ossification center in a long bone is inthe center of the shaft. The secondary are in the epiphyses (bone ends) |
| As a long bone grows in length, what is happening in the hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal plate? | Chondrocytes are enlarging and their lacunae are breaking down and leaving holes in the cartilage matrix |
| If osteoclasts in a long bone are more active than osteoblasts, what chage in bone mass is likely? | If bone destroying cells (osteoclasts) are more active than bone forming cells (osteoblasts) bone mass will decrease |
| Which stimulus-PTH(a hormone) or mechanical forces acting on the skeleton-is more important in maintaining homeostatic blood calcium levels? | Homromonal stumulus |
| How does an open fracture differ from a closed fracture? | In an open fracture the bone ends are exposed to the external environment (skin is broken) and a closed fracute they do not penetrate the skin |
| How doe bone growth and bone remodeling differ? | Bone growth increases bone mass. Bone remodeling follows bone growth to maintain the proper proportions of the bone considering stresses placed upon it |
| Which bone disorder is characterized by excessive deposit of weak, poorly mineralized bone? | Paget's disease |
| What are three measures that may help to maintain healthy bone density | Sufficient vitamin D, calcium, and weight bearing activity |
| What name is given to adult rickets? | Osteomalacia |
| What is the status of bone structure at birth? | most bones are formed and well ossified, two areas of hyaline cartilage remain in the epiphyseal plates and covering the bone ends |
| The decrease in bone mass that begins with the forth decade of life affects nearly all bones. What are the exceptions? | Skull bones do not appear to lose mass with aging |
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