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The Lang of Medicine
The Language of Medicine Chapter 5 #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats. | lipase |
| a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. It secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins;produces blood proteins; and destroys worn out red blood cells. The normal adult liver weights about 2.5 to 3 pounds. | liver |
| ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter | lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
| chewing | mastication |
| the sixth, seventh, and eight teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch. Premolar teeth are the fourth and fifth teeth, before the molars. | molar teeth |
| roof of the mouth. The hard ______ lies anterior to the soft ______ and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla). The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat. | palate |
| organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods). | pancreas |
| small elevations on the tongue. It is a nipple-like elevation. | papillae (singular papilla) |
| salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear. | parotid gland |
| rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs. In the gastrointestinal tract, it moves teh contents thru at different rates; stomach, 0.5 to 2 hours; small intestine, 2 to 6 hours; and colon, 6 to 72 hours. | peristalsis |
| throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose. | pharynx |
| large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines. | portal vein |
| enzyme that digests protein | protease |
| soft tissue within a tooth, containg nerves and blood vessels. | pulp |
| ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. From the Greek pyloros, meaning gatekeeper. It is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it. | pyloric spincter |
| distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum. | pylorus |
| last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus. | rectum |
| ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach. | rugae |
| digestive juice produced by salivary glands. | saliva |
| parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands. | salivary glands |
| fourth and last, s shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum | sigmoid colon |
| circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage of closes a natural opening. | sphincter |
| muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. the stomash's parts are the fundus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section). | stomach |
| fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol | triglycerides |
| soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate. the latin uva means bunch of grapes. | uvula |
| microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. | villi (singular: villus) |
| an/o | anus |
| append/0 appendic/o | appendix |
| bucc/o buccal mucosa | cheek a mucosa is a mucous membrane lining cavities or canals that open to the outside of the body. |
| cec/o | cecum |
| celi/o | belly, abdomen |
| cheil/o | lip |
| cholecyst/o don't confuse cholecyst/o with cyst/o, which means urinary bladder! | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| col/o | colon, large intestine |
| colon/o | colon |
| dent/i | tooth |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| enter/o | intestines, usually small intestines |
| esophag/o | esphagus |
| faci/o | face |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| hepat/o | liver |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| labi/o | lip |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| mandibul/o | lower jaw, mandible |
| odont/o | tooth |
| or/o | mouth |
| palat/o | palate |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| pharyng/o | throat |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| pylor/o | pyloric sphincter |
| recgt/o | rectum |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| uvul/o | uvula |
| amyl/o | starch |
| bil/i | gall, bile |
| bilirubin/o | bilirubin (bile pigment) |
| chol/e | gall, bile |
| chlorhydr/o | hydrochloric acid |
| gluc/o | sugar |
| glyc/o | sugar |
| glycogen/o | glycogen, animal starch |
| lip.o | fat, lipid |
| lith/o | stone |
| prote/o | protein |
| sial/o | saliva, salivary |
| steat/o | fat |
| -ase | enzyme |
| -chezia | defecation, elimiation of wastes |
| -iasis | abnormal condition |
| -prandial | meal |
| anorexia -orexia anorexia nervosa | Lack of appetite. appetite loss of appetite associated with emotional problems such as anger, anxiety, and irrational fear of weight gain. |
| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. This condiiton occurs with fluid passes from the bloodstream and collecgts in the peritoneal cavity. |
| borborymus (plural: borborygmi) | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal trac. |
| constipation | difficulty in passing stools (feces). |
| diarrhea | frequent passage of loose, watery stools. |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| eructation | gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth. |
| flatus | gas expelled through the anus. flatulence is the presence of excessive gas in the stomach and the intestines. |
| hematochezia | passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum. the cause of hematochezia usually is bleeding due to colitis or from ulcers or polyps in the colon or rectum. |
| jaundice (icterus) | yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). |
| melena | black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood. |
| nausea | unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated wtih a tendency to vomit. |
| steatorrhea | fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter. |
| aphthous stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers. commonly called canker sores...cause unknown. |
| dental caries | tooth decay. |
| herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth cause by infecgtion with the herpesvirus. |
| oral leukoplakia | white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth. |
| peridontal disease | inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone. gengivitis occurs as a result of accumulation of dental plaque and dental calculus or tarter. |
| achalasia | falure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax. |
| esophageal cancer | malignant tumor of the esophagus. |
| esophageal varices | swollen varicose veins @ the lower end of sophagus. Liver disease (such as cirrhosis &chronic hepatitis) causes increased pressure in veins near and around the liver (portal hypertension)-leads to enlarges, tortuous esponageal veins w danger of hemorage. |
| gastric cancer | malignant tumor of the stomach. |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | solids and fluids return to the mnouth from the stomach. |
| hernia | protrusion of an organ or part through the musckle normaly containing it. |
| peptic ulcer | open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. |
| anal fistula | abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus. |
| colonic polyps | benign growths protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon. |
| colrectal cancer | adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both. |
| crohn disease | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. |
| diverticulosis | abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall. |
| dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection. |
| hemorrhoids | swollen, twisted, varicosde veins in the rectal region. |
| ileus | loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines. |
| intussusception | telescoping of the intestines. |
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | group of gastronintestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension. |
| ulcerative coligtis | chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers. |
| volvulus | twisting of the intestine on itself. |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones in the gallbladder. calculi=stones. biliary colic=pain from blocked cystic or common bile duct. . |
| cirrhosis | chronic degenerative disease of the liver. |
| pancreatic cancer | malignant tumor of the pancreas. |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| viral hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. |
Created by:
lauraj5
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