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History of Anatomy
Important people and stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hunters and gatherers | Evidence of knowing where to shoot to kill |
| Egyptians | First to formally study anatomy; examined the heart, lungs, liver, and GI system and thought brain was unimportant; Established as one of the oldest basic medical sciences; Descriptions of anatomy were found on papyruses from 3000-2500BC |
| Hippocrates | Greek from 460-377 BC; Father of medicine; Founder of the science of anatomy; came up with Hypocratic oath; wrote many books on anatomy |
| Hypocratic oath | to do no harm |
| Aristotle | Greek from 382-322 BC; Performed animal dissections; First to use the word “anatome” |
| “anatome” | Greek for “cutting up or taking apart” |
| Galen | (2nd Century Greek); Physiologist (Function of organs); Began Comparative anatomy |
| Comparative anatomy | Comparing anatomical structure of animals to that of humans |
| Physiologist | studies the Function of organs |
| 15th Century | Leonardo da Vinci |
| Leonardo da Vinci | One of the first to correctly draw the human skeleton and other anatomical illustrations; Provided “records” |
| Middle ages and early Renaissance | Versalius; Hieronymus Fabricius; Anatomy became an objective discipline based on direct observations |
| Versalius | Wrote De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543 AD)“Structure of the human body” “study of the human body”; |
| Hieronymus Fabricius | First to have anatomical theaters for public dissections (1537-1619) |
| 17th Century | William Harvey; Human dissection became important in European medical schools; Anatomical museums established in many cities; Famous artists attended dissections for drawings – Rembrandt & Michelangelo |
| William Harvey | William “Heart” Harvey; discovered circulation |
| 18th and 19th Centuries | William Hunter; Many atlases and illustrations published that depicted human bodies; Shortage of cadavers led to illegal means of obtaining specimens |
| William Hunter | introduced modern day embalming techniques |
| 19th Century | British Parliament passed Anatomy Act in 1832 to provide adequate supply of corpses for medical dissection; Gray's Anatomy; People began donating their bodies to science in order to get free treatment; No longer held public dissections |
| Gray’s Anatomy | A single volume of Anatomy (1858 AD) |
| 20th Century | Medical museums established; Better supplementary resources; Decline in donation of bodies to science |
| Supplementary resources in Anatomy | Prosections (a section where everything else has been removed), color images, photos, models |
| 21st Century | diseases limit the availability of cadavers(Mad cow disease (Jakob Creutzfeldt disease (CJD))); 1980s – HIV and AIDS; Current ethical debates; Computer images to look at 3D images of the human body |
| Current ethical debates | Gunther von hagans – “Body world” public displays |
| illegal means of obtaining specimens | Grave robbers, Body snatchers, Murders, Bodies of executed criminals, Corpses donated by relatives in exchange for medical care |
Created by:
alechsu
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