Anatomy & Physiology I - Chapter 3 Cells: The Living Units
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| Name four concepts of the cell theory | 1) Basic strutural and functional units of life 2) Organism depends on cells
3) Biochemical activities of a cell are dictated by their organelles
4) Continuity of life has a cellular basis
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| What is the driving forceof diffusion? | concentration radient
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| Who move faster? | potassium permarganate
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| What are the cell three major regions? | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
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| Is phosphate facing inside or outside? | both
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| Does red blood cell contantly changes shape? | yes
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| Composed of a double layer of phospholipids embedded w/ small amounts of cholestrol and proteins | Plasma membrane
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| _____ proteins are firmly inserted | Integral
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| ______ proteins are not embedded in the plasma membrane | Peripheral
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| Fingerlike extension that increase the surface area of the cell | Microvilli
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| What is a impermeable junction? | Tight junctions
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| What is mechanical couplings that prevent their spearation and reduce the chance of tearing? | Desmosomes
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| What is communication junctions? | Gap junctions
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| Does not use energy... | Passive process
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| Uses energy (ATP)... | Active process
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| High to Low concentration area | Diffusion
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| Diffusion of water... | Osmosis
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| Moves through the PM by protein carriers or by channels | Facilitated diffusion
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| _____ molecule cannot get through cell | water
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| The process that forces water and solutes through...by fluid, or hydrostatic, pressure is called | Filtration
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| Source of energy-hydrolysis of ATP; Transport protein changes shape and pumps molecules against their concetration gradient is called | Primary active transport
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| Co-transport of two solutes... | Secondary active transport
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| Large particles, macromolecules, and fluids are transported across... | Vesicular transport
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| Process used to move substances from inside the cell to the extracellular environment | Exocytosis
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| Vesicular transport processes that move molecules using protein-coated vesicles is | Endocytosis
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| What is located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus? | Cytoplasm
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| What is kidney shapes; cristae; site of ATP synthesis? | Mitochondria
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| What is composed of RNA and protein; attached to rough ER; protein synthesis? | Ribosomes
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| What is externally studded w/ ribosomes; cisterna; phospholipids synthesis? | Rough ER
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| What has no ribosomes; site for lipid and cholestrol? | Smooth ER
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| What looks like a "stack of pancakes"; package, modify, and transport protein? | Golgi Apparatus
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| What contains digestive enzymes; acid; destruction of worn cells parts ("autolysis") and foreign particles? | Lysosomes
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| What contains oxidase enzymes; detoxify toxic substances; breaks down hydrogen peroxide? | Peroxisomes
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| What is made of tubulin proteins; support cell and give it shape; form centrioles and cilia and flagella, if present? | Microtubules
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| What are the paired cylinders that aid chromosome movement during mitosis? | Centrioles
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| What is the largest organelle that is the control center of all the cell activity? | Nucleus
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| What is dense sperical bodies; RNA and proteins; synthesis of ribosomes? | Nucleolus
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| What is granular, threadlike; DNA and histone proteins; synthesis DNA genes? | Chromatin
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| What occurs in the interphase? | organ
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| What phase does DNA take place? | interphase
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| mRNA means... | codon
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| tRNA means... | anti-codon
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| What cell organelles function in supporting cellular structures and in generating cell movements? | Cytoskeleton
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| What molecular components of the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane possesses a charged polar "head" and an uncharged non-polar "tail"? | Phospholipid
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| What nucleic acid molecules are involved in transcription but NOT translation in the synthesis of a particular polypeptide? | DNA
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| What cell structures are involved in propelling substances across cell surfaces? | Cilia
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| What enzyme is the first one needed for DNA replication? | Helicase
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| Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cell nucleus into two nuclei | False, Cytokinesis is the division of the parent cell cytoplasm into two daughter cells
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| The process in which DNA's genetic code is copied onto messenger RNA molecules is known as translation. | False, DNA's genetic code is copied onto messenger RNA molecules by a process known as transcription
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| DNA's genetic code is copied onto messenger RNA molecules by a process known as... | transcription
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| The two major periods in the life cycle of a cell are interphase and the mitotic phase | True
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