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H. Gov't Chp. 2
Magruder's American Gov't book. Chp 2: Origins of American Gov't
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basic Concepts of Gov't | 1. Ordered gov't 2. Limited Gov't 3. Representative Gov't |
| Ordered Gov't | Orderly regulation of relationships between colonies (based off of existing gov'ts in Eng) |
| Limited Gov't | Gov't is not all powerful and each individual has certain rights that the gov't can't take away |
| Representative Gov't | Gov't should serve will of people |
| Magna Carta | Barons forced King John to sign to protect them from heavy-handed acts. Trial by jury, due process of law, protection against taking of life, liberty, or property |
| Petition of Right | 1628-Eng's Parliament's end of the bargain for King Charles's request for more taxes; challenge to divine right; no punishment except after lawful judgement by peers, no martial law in peace times, no quartering |
| English Bill of Rights | 1688-William and Mary of Orange-Glorious Rev.; no standing army in peacetime, required all parliamentary elections to be free, fair trial, no excessive bail or cruel punishments |
| 3 Types of Colonies in America | Charter, royal, proprietary |
| Charter | Written grant of authority from king |
| Royal Colony | Direct control of crown; king named a governor; bicameral legislature. Ex: Virginia |
| Bicameral | Two house legislature |
| Royal Colony Bicameral System | Upper house: Governor's council 9also highest court in colonies) Lower house: Elceted by property owners qualified to vote |
| Proprietary Colonies | King gives one person complete control of coony to do what they wish Ex: Pennsylvania |
| Unicameral | One house legislative body |
| Charter Colonies | Charters of land given to colonists themselves; self governed. Ex: Rhode Island |
| New England Confederation | Mass Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecticut formed confed in order to defend against Native American attacks |
| Albany Plan of Union | Ben Franklin; Formation of an annual congress of delegates from all 13 colonies, that body would have the power to raise military, make war/peace with Native Americans, regulate trade, tax, and collect customs duties- didn't work |
| Delegates | Representatives |
| Stamp Act congress | OCt of 1765- 9 colonies got together and prepared the Declaration of Rights and Grievances and sent it to king |
| Committees of Correspondence | Samuel Adams; organized resistance throughout colonies |
| First Continental Congress | 1774- all delegates except Georgia; Declaration of Rights, boycotts |
| Second Continental Congress | 1775- shots of Rev War had already been fired; nation's first national gov't; Declaration of Indep, Articles of Confed; unicameral |
| Common Features of State Constitutions (4) | Popular Sovereignty, limited gov't, civil rights and liberties, seperation of powers |
| Articles of Confederation | Second Continental Congress in 1781; "firm league of friendship"; unicameral (Congress); each state one vote; no president |
| Weaknesses of Articles | One vote for each state, regardless of size; Congress can't collect taxes; Congress can't control interstate and foreign commerce; no executive or judicial; amended only with consent of all states; 9/13 majority to pass all laws |
| Critical Period | 1780s; after Rev War and beofr Constitution; economic chaos; Shay's Rebellion |
| Philadelphia Convention | 1787- Articles scrapped, Constitution written; all states but Rhode Island; total secrecy |
| Framers | Group of delegates who wrote Constitution; Madison, Randolph, Hamilton, Franklin, Washington |
| Virginia Plan | Big state plan; 3 seperate barnches of gov't (leg, exec, judic); bicameral; representation in each house based off of population of state; House of Reps chosen by people; Senate by House |
| New Jersey Plan | Small state plan; unicameral Congress of Confederation; each state, one vote |
| Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise) | Congress compsed of 2 houses; Senate-Staes represented equally; House-representation of each state based on population |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Three out of every five slaves would be counted in taxation and population |
| Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise | Congress forbidden to tax export of goods from any state; no acts on slave trade for 20 years |
| Federalists | Favored ratification (Strong central gov't) Ex: Madison and Hamilton |
| Anti-Federalists | Opposed ratification (no strong central gov't; wanted bill of rights) Ex: Patrick Henry, Hancock, Sam Adams |
| The Federalist Papers | Key in getting NY (last major state) to ratify; Hamilton, Madison, Jay |
| Year Constitution Fully Ratified | 1789 |
Created by:
rachael94
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