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SKELETAL
The Skeletal System
QUESTION | ANSWER |
---|---|
(Q) How Many Basic Types of Bone are there ? | 5 |
(Q) Name the 5 Types of Bone ? | FLAT, LONG, IRREGULAR, SHORT & SESAMOID. (Remember F.L.I.S.S.) |
(Q) FLAT BONE ? | 2 Layers of COMPACT Bone with a Thin Layer of SPONGY In Between. |
(Q) FLAT BONE FUNCTION ? | Provides Protection. |
(Q) Give at least 2 Examples of FLAT BONE ? | SCAPULA, PELVIS & CRANIUM. |
(Q) LONG BONE ? | Consits of an Elongated Shaft of COMPACT Bone, 2 Extremities Composed Mainly of SPONGY Bone Surrounded by a Layer of Compact Bone. |
(Q) Give at least 3 Examples Of LONG BONE ? | Found in Limbs. RADIAL, HUMERUS, FEMUR, TIBIA & FIBULA. |
(Q) IRREGULAR BONE ? | Similar to SHORT BONES in Construction but More Complex in Shape. |
(Q) Give an Example of IRREGULAR BONE. | Several Facial Bones & VERTEBRAE. |
(Q) SHORT BONE ? | Mainly CUBOID in Shape. Made up of Smaller Masses of SPONGY Bone Surrounded by a Layer of COMPACT BONE with no SHAFT. |
(Q) Give 2 Examples of SHORT BONE ? | WRIST CARPUS & ANKLE TARUS |
(Q) SESAMOID BONE ? | Small Bone Located in TENDONS. |
(Q) Example of SESAMOID BONE ? | PATELLA. |
(Q) COMPACT BONE ? | 'DENSE' Tissue. Has High stress Bearing Capability due to Dense Tissue Containing Few SPACES. |
(Q) SPONGY BONE ? | CANCELLOUS Bone. Lighter Bone Tissue Typicaly with Many Spaces which Contain RED MARROW. |
(Q) PERIOSTEUM ? | Outer Protective Covering of a Bone. |
(Q) MEDULIARY CANAL, Whats Carried Inside ? | YELLOW MARROW. |
CRANIUM ? | The Part of the Skull that Encloses the Brain. |
MAXILA ? | Top of JAW. |
MANDIBLE ? | Lower JAW. |
ATLAS ? | The 1st Cervical VERTEBRA, Articulates with the SKULL. |
SPINE ? | The VERTEBRAL COLUMN. |
VERTEBRAL COLUMN ? | A series of 24 Seperate Movable Irregular Bones, Plus the SACRUM & COCCYX. |
VERTEBRAL COLUMN Sections ? | 3 Sections of 24 Bones. 7 CERVICAL, 12 THORACIC & 5 LUMBAR. |
VERTEBRA ? | Each Segment of the BACK BONE. |
CERVICAL ? | The 7 NECK Vertebra. |
THORACIC ? | The 12 UPPER BACK Vertebra. |
LUMBAR ? | The 5 LOWER BACK Vertebra. |
SACRUM ? | The 5 FUSED BONES at the Bottom of the Lumbar region. |
COCCYX ? | The 4 FUSED BONES at the Bottom of the Sacrum. |
INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS ? | SEPERATE the Vertebrae, Get Thicker Towards the Lumbar Region, have an Outer Rim that Consits of Fibrocartilage. |
INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS, Function ? | Help with FLEXIBILITY & SHOCK ABSORBSION. |
INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA ? | The Tube for the SPINAL CORD that is made up of the INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS. |
ARTICULATING SURFACE ? | The Part of the Bone that Enters into the Formation of a JOINT. |
ARTICULATION ? | A JOINT Between TWO or More Bones. |
BONY SINUS ? | A HOLLOW CAVITY Within a Bone. |
BORDER ? | A RIDGE of Bone SEPARATING TWO Surfaces. |
CONDYLE ? | A Smooth Rounded PROJECTION of Bone that forms part of a JOINT. |
FACET ? | A SMALL, Generally Flat, ARTICULATING Surface. |
FISSURE / CLEFT ? | A NARROW Slit. |
FORAMEN ? (plural FORAMINA) | A HOLE in a Structure. |
FOSSA ? (plural FOSSAE) | A HOLLOW or DEPRESSION. |
MEATUS ? | A TUBE shaped CAVITY within a Bone. |
SEPTUM ? | A PARTITION seperating TWO CAVITIES. |
SPINE / SPINOUS PROCESS or CREST ? | A SHARPE RIDGE of Bone. |
STYLOID PROCESS ? | A SHARP Downward Projection of Bone that gives ATTACHMENT to MUSCLES & LIGAMENTS. |
TROCHANTER / TUBEROSITY or TUBERCLE ? | Roughened Bony PROJECTIONS, Usually for ATTACHMENT of MUSCLES or LIGAMENTS. The Different names are used according to the Size of the Projection. Trochanters are the LARGEST & Tubercles the SMALLEST. |
CLAVICLE ? | Collar Bone, at FRONT (Interior). |
SCAPULA ? | Sholde Blade, at Back (Posterior) |
STERNUM ? | Joins Ribs Together. |
PELVIS ? | A Basin Shaped CAVITY formed from the Bones of the Haunch with the Sacrum & other Vertebrae. |
ILIUM ? | The Bone Forming the Upper Part of each Half of the PELVIS. |
HUMERUS ? | The Bone of the UPPER ARM. |
RADIUS / Radial ? | The THICKER & SHORTER of the 2 Bones in the FOREARM. |
ULNA ? | The THINER & LONGER of the 2 Bones in the FOREARM. |
CARPAL ? | Bones of the HAND. |
CARPUS ? | Wrist. |
METACARPAL ? | Start of the Fingers Before KNUKCLES. |
PHALANGES ? | FINGERS & TOE's after KNUCKLE. |
FEMUR ? (Femoral) | The THICK Bone Between the HIP & the KNEE. |
PATELLA ? | The KNEE CAP. |
TIBULA ? | The INNER & LARGER of the 2 Bones Extending from the Knee & the Ankle. |
FIBULA ? | The SMALLER & OUTER of the 2 Bones Between the Knee & the Ankle. |
TARUS ? | Bones of the ANKLE. |
TARSAL ? | ANKLE. |
METATARSEL | AFTER ANKLE. |
INTERCOSTAL ? | Between the Bones of the RIBS. |
OSTEOPOROSIS ? | A Condition of BRITTLE & FRAGILE Bones Caused by Loss of Boney Tissue. Esp. as a Result of Hormonal Changes, or Deficiency of Calcium or Vitamin D. |
SPINA BIFFIDA is a ? | Congenital Defect of the Spine, in which part of the Spinal Cord Protudes. |
OSTEOBLASTS ? | These are the Bone Cells that Secreate COLLOGEN & other Constituents of Bone Tissue. |
CHONDROCYTES ? | CARTILAGE forming CELLS. |
OSTEOCYTES ? | As Bone Developes OSTEOBLASTS Become Trapped Within the Newly Formed Bone and Become Trapped, Becoming OSTEOCYTES. |
OSTEOCLASTS, Function ? | Resorption of Bone to Maintain the Optimum Shape. This takes place at Bone Surfaces. |
What is the production of Blood Cells in RED BONE MARROW called ? | HAEMOPOIESIS. |
Bones form the BOUNDERIES of the ? | CRANIAL, THORACIC & PELVIC CAVITIES, Protecting the ORGANS they Contain. |
The Mineral Reservoirwithin Bone is Essential for ? | MINERAL STORAGE, Esp CALCIUM PHOSPHATE. |
Other Bone Functions Include ? | Provision of the Framework of the Body. Giving ATTACHMENT to Muscles & TENDONS, Allowing Movement of the Body as a Whole & of Parts of the Body, by Forming Joints that are Moved by Muscles. |