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9
Chapter 9 Matching
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Surrounds entire muscle | Epimysium |
| Surrounds each muscle fiber | Endomysium |
| Surrounds each muscle bundle (fascicle) | Perimysium |
| Binds muscles into functional groups | Deep fascia |
| Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiber | Sarcolemma |
| Cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber | Sarcoplasm |
| Series of membranous channels (modified ER) that surround each myofibril | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Rod-like contractile elements within a muscle fiber | Myofibril |
| Functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber | Sarcomere |
| Area of the sarcomere with overlapping thick and thin filaments | A band |
| Area of the sarcomere containing only thin filaments | I band |
| Area in the center of the A band containing only thick filaments | H band |
| Cross-bridges | Myosin molecules |
| Contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine | Synaptic knob |
| Space between the neuron and the muscle | Synaptic cleft |
| Contains receptors for acetylcholine | Motor end plate |
| Type of contraction represented by a single stimulus/contraction/relaxation sequence | Twitch |
| A muscle producing peak tensions with visible relaxation during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation | Incomplete tetanus |
| A muscle that is stimulated so frequently that the relaxation phase is completely eliminated | Complete tetanus |
| When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly for several seconds with a constant stimulus, the amount of tensions gradually increases to a maximum | Wave summation |
| Activities best suited for slow oxidative fibers | Endurance-type activities |
| Activities best suited for fast oxidative fibers | 400M or 800M sprint |
| Activities best suited for fast glycolytic fibers | Short-term intense movements |
| Single, very long cylindrical, multinucleate cells with striations | Skeletal muscle fibers |
| Branching chains of cells; uni- or binucleate striations; intercalated discs | Cardiac muscle cells |
| Single, fusion, uninucleated; no striations | Smooth muscle cells |
| Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| Ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated | Contractility |
| Ability to be stretched or extended | Extensibility |
| Ability of a muscle to resume its resting length after being stretched | Elasticity |
| Propagation of an electrical current along the sarcolemma | Action potential |
| The initial polarized state | Resting potential |
| Restoration of membrane potential to resting potential | Repolarization |
| The time when fiber cannot stimulated until repolarization is complete | Refractory period |
| Neurotransmitter released into the neuromuscular junction | Acetylcholine |
| Enzyme released into neuromuscular junction to break down acetylcholine | Acetylcholinesterase |
| Released by terminal cisternae into the sarcoplasm to bind with troponin | Ca2+ |
| Protein found in SR that binds calcium | Calsequestrin |
| Protein that works alternately with calsequestrin | Calmodulin |
| Electrical event occurring only at neuromuscular junction | End plate potential |
| Electrical event spreading in all directions from neuromuscular junction across the sarcolemma | Action potential |
| Membrane charge prior to depolarization | Resting (polarized) potential |
| Time between the stimulus and an action potential initiation | Latent period |
| Outside positive relative to the inside | Electrical conditions of a resting sarcolemma |
| Production of an end plate potential at the motor end plate and consequent depolarization of adjacent areas | Depolarization and generation of action potential |
| Increased positive charge inside sarcolemma changes permeability of adjacent areas, opening voltage-regulated Na+ channels | Propagation of the action potential |
| Change in sarcolemma after the wave of depolarization; Na+ channels close and K+ channels open, allowing K+ to create a positive charge outside the membrane | Repolarization |
| Pulling on something to change its position | Producing movement |
| Development of tension to prevent movement as in keeping the vertebral column upright. | Maintaining posture |
| Attaching to bones and keeping them in close proximity to one another. | Stabilizing joints |
| Release of energy during metabolism | Generation of heat |
| Changes shape during the contraction cycle | Myosin |
| Slides toward the M line during a contraction. | Actin |
| Covers the binding site. | Tropomyosin |
| Binds Ca2+ and starts the contraction cycle | Troponin |
Created by:
schell912
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