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VW Neurohisto
IS-B1-Neurohistology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are approximately 100 _ neurons in the adult nervous system. | Billion |
| Groups of cell bodies in the CNS are called _ and in the PNS they are called _. | CNS = Nucleus, PNS = Ganglia |
| Name the 3 basic types of neurons. | Pseudounipolar Neuron, Bipolar Neuron, Multipolar Neuron |
| A _ neuron has a round cell body, and a single process which divides into 2 branches | Pseudounipolar |
| A _ neuron has a round/oval cell body and 1 large process projecting from each end of the cell body. | Bipolar neuron |
| A _ neuron has multiple dendrites and 1 axon | Multipolar |
| This type of neuron is found in sensory ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves | Pseudounipolar |
| This type of neuron is found in sensory structures | Bipolar |
| This type of neuron is typically a motor neuron found in the CNS and autonomic ganglia | Multipolar |
| _ receive signals from other neurons and the environment. | Dendrites |
| The _ _ is the metabolic center of the nerve cell. | Cell Body |
| Nissl substance is evidence of the _ _ _ in the cell body of a neuron. | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| The axon arises from the cell body at a place called the _ _. | Axon Hillock |
| An axon terminal is capped with _ _ which correspond to synapses between cells. | Terminal Bouton |
| True or false - some boutons can be found along the length of the axons. | True |
| Boutons found along the length of the axon are called _ _ _ or varicosities. | Boutons en Passant |
| Name the 2 types of axonal transport and their associated direction | Anterograde from cell body to axon, Retrograde from axon to cell body |
| Which axonal transport is responsible for the fast component and uses a protein called kinesin (ATPase). | Anterograde |
| Which protein is used in retrograde axonal transport | Dynein |
| The rabies virus and the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani both use this type of transport to infect the host. | Retrograde Transport |
| Pseudorabies virus and horseradish peroxidase are used as retrograde tracers to ___________. | label neurons in a specific pathway |
| What are two types of synapses that occur at the site where the axon communicates? | Electrical or Chemical |
| Which synapse is most common, electrical or chemical? | Chemical |
| Name 5 common neurotransmitters | GABA, Acetylcholine, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Serotonin (GANDS) |
| This diseases is one in which the immune system produces antibodies to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor site postsynaptically at the neuromuscular junction | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Name the 4 types of Neuroglia in the CNS | Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and Ependymal cells |
| Name the 4 types of Neuroglia in the PNS | Satellite Cells, Schwann Cells, Microglia and Ependymal cells |
| Astrocytes in the CNS are like _ _ in the PNS | Satellite Cells |
| Schwann Cells in the PNS are like _ in the CNS | Oligodendrocytes |
| This type of neuroglia have perivascular endfeet, provide support and framework for neuronal migration and participate in NT metabolism | Astrocytes |
| Many tumors are of which type of neuroglia origin? | Astrocytes (form Astrocytic scars) |
| This type of neuroglia creates myelin in the CNS | Oligodendrocytes |
| Large diameter axons have _ myelin sheaths and _ conduction velocities. | Thick, High |
| Smaller diameter axons have _ myelin sheaths and _ conduction velocities | Thinner, Slower |
| This type of disease is a demyelinating disease in which oligodendrocytes are replaced by astrocytic plaques. | Multiple Sclerosis |
| This type of neuroglia develops from blood cells of the macrophage lineage and is consequently a phagocytic scavenger. | Microglia |
| Ependymal cells comprise these structures responsible for creating CSF in the CNS. | choroid plexus |
| Normally CNS is _ but in the case of bacterial meningitis, it will become _ . | Clear, cloudy |
| The blood brain barrier consists of _ _ between endothelial cells of the CNS capillaries. | Tight Junctions |
| Name the 3 connective sheaths outside the basal lamina on the peripheral nerves. | Endoneurium, Perineurium and Epineurium |
| Describe the difference between Endoneurium, Perineurium, and Epineurium. | Endo - between individual nerve fibers, Peri surrounds each fascicle of axons and Epi is dense CT around the peripheral nerve itself. |
| Peripheral nerve tumors originate most often from this type of neuroglia. | Schwann Cells |
| Describe the difference between a schwannoma and a neurofibroma. | Schwannoma - arises singly and easy to remove. Neurofibroma arises multiply and is difficult to remove because they infiltrate nerve bundles. |
| Sensory Ganglia in the CNS include the _ _ _ alongside the spinal cord, and CN's _, _, _, and _. | Dorsal Root Ganglia, CN V, VII, IX and X |
| This disease is a viral infection of the dorsal root ganglion or trigeminal ganglia causing pain and blistering when active. | Herpes Zoster (Shingles) |
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cherubicsiren
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