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MMT Ch 8
Medical Terminology Female Reproductive System WGU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an- | without |
| dys- | bad, difficult, painful |
| poly- | many, much |
| pre- | Before, in front of |
| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid |
| -graphy | recording |
| -lysis | breakdown |
| -pexy | surgical fixation, suspension |
| -ptosis | drooping, sagging, prolapse |
| -rrhagia | bursting forth |
| -rrhea | flow, discharge |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| amni/o | amnion (amniotic sac) |
| cervic/o | cervix, neck |
| colp/o | hollow, vagina |
| culd/o | blind pouch |
| episi/o | vulva, vulva (...tomy) |
| hyster/o | uterus, womb |
| mamm/o | breast |
| mast/o | breast |
| men/o | menstruation |
| metro/o | uterus |
| metri/o | uterus |
| olig/o | scanty |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| salping/o | fallopian tube |
| vulv/o | vulva |
| amnion | Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus |
| areola | Circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple |
| bartholin glands | two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse |
| breast | either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman |
| cervix | the opening to the uterus |
| chorion | outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals) |
| clitoris | organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra |
| corpus luteum | endocrine tissue which produces hormones, estrogen, and progesterone which prepares the uterine lining for receiving an embryo |
| endometrium | inner lining of the uterus |
| estrogen | hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics |
| fallopian tubes | tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilization occurs |
| fetus | the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
| fimbriae | finger or fringe like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes |
| gestation | the period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans) |
| hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| hymen | a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin |
| labia majora | two large folds of fatty tissue that are covered with hair on their outer surfaces; they enclose and protect the vagina |
| labia minora | Smaller pair of skin folds that protect the vaginal opening |
| mammary papilla | breast nipple |
| menarch | The first menstrual period |
| menopause | the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends |
| menstruation | the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause |
| mons pubis | a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women |
| myometrium | the smooth muscle forming the wall of the uterus |
| ovary | the organ that bears the ovules of a flower, (vertebrates) one of usually two organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone |
| ovulation | the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle) |
| ovum | Female gamete |
| parturition | Childbirth |
| perimetrium | outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus |
| perineum | in females, the area between the anus and the vagina |
| placenta | the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus |
| progesterone | A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle. |
| Douglas' Cul de Sac | rectouterine pouch, pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum (also called the Douglas cul-de-sac) |
| uterus | a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females |
| vagina | in the human female reproductive system, a canal that leads from the uterus to the outside of the body |
| vulva | external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and the vaginal orifice |
| zygote | the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell) |
| AFP test | Alpha-fetal protein (fetal serum protein) |
| (blood or amniotic fluid) | |
| predict.... | |
| neural tube defects, spinal bifida | |
| threatened abortion | |
| fetal distress | |
| done 16-18 weks | |
| high false-positive incidence | |
| amenorrhea | absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow |
| amniocentesis | A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus. |
| anovulation | the absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary |
| Apgar score | a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. 10 point scale evaluated at 1, 5 minutes. |
| cervical dysplasia | growth of abnormal cells in the cervix, which can be detected by a Pap smear |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix |
| cesarean section (CS) | Delivery of fetus through an incision into the abdominal cavity and uterus. |
| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina |
| culdocentesis | needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation |
| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus |
| endometriosis | endometrial tissue located outside the uterus |
| episiotomy | surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth |
| erythroblastosis fetalis | hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus |
| hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus |
| hysteroptosis | Prolapse of the uterus |
| hystoerosalpingography HSG | is a radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes |
| leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle (usually in the uterus or digestive tract) |
| mammography | a diagnostic procedure to detect breast tumors by the use of X rays |
| mastectomy | surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor |
| meconium | thick dark green mucoid material that is the first feces of a newborn child |
| menorrhagia | excessive bleeding during menstruation |
| metrorrhagia | bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation |
| nuchal cord | abnormal but common occurrence of the umbilical cord wrapped around the neck of the neonate |
| oligyhydramnios | a condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid |
| oophorectomy | surgical removal of one of both ovaries |
| ovarian cyst | a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary |
| Pap smear | medical screening used to detect cancerous or infected cells of the cervix and vagina |
| PCOS | polycystic ovary syndrome, condition marked by excessive secretion of androgens by the ovaries. |
| preeclampsia | abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria |
| salpingitis | inflammation of a Fallopian tube (usually the result of infection spreading from the vagina or uterus) or of a Eustachian tube |
| salpingolysis | removal of the adhesions in the fallopian tubes to reestablish patency with the goal of fertility |
| tubal ligation | blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring |
| uterine artery embolization | blocks arteries supplying blood to the fibroids by injecting particles into the artery |
| vulvovaginitis | inflammation of the vulva and the vagina |
| FSH | anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates gamete production in the gonads |
| LH | Luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and target the gonads, in females it stimulates the ovaries causing development of a corpus luteum, in males it stimulates the testes to make testosterone |
| oophoritis | inflammation of an ovary |
| hematosalpinx | blood in the fallopian tubes |
| primigravida | woman during her first pregnancy |
| multigravida | woman who has been pregnant more than once |
| nulligravida | a woman who has never been pregnant |
| multipara | woman who has delivered more than one viable infant |
| nullipara | (obstetrics) a woman who has never give birth to a child |
| hydrosalpinx | water in the uterine tube |
| pyosalpinx | pus in the uterine tube |
| endometritis | inflammation of the lining of the uterus (of the endometrium) |
| endometriosis | the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus |
| retroflexion of the uterrus | the body of the uterus is bent backward, forming and angle with the cerix (tipped uterus) |
| leukorrhea | discharge of white mucous material from the vagina |
| vaginal prolapse | downword displacement of the vagina aka colpoptosis |
| vulvitis | inflammation of the external female genitalia |
| vulvodynia | idiopathic syndrome of nonspecific complaints of pain of the vulva |
| galactorrhea | the production of breast milk in a women who is not breastfeeding |
| mastitis | inflammation of a breast (or udder) |
| mastoptosis | sagging breast |
| thelitis | infammation of the nipples; aka acromastitis |
| DUB | dysfunctional uterine bleeding not caused by a tumor, inflammation or pregnancy |
| menometrorrhagia | excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals |
| oligomenorrhea | abnormally light or infrequent menstruation |
| PMDD | premenstrual dysphoric disorder severity of symptoms...more sever than regular PMS |
| PMS | a syndrome that occurs in many women from 2 to 14 days before the onset of menstruation |
| abruptio placentae | a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus |
| agalactia | a condition in which milk is not secreted in the mother's breasts after her child has been delivered |
| cephalopelvic disproportion | condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small |
| abortion | termination of pregnancy |
| oligohydramnios | decreased amniotic fluid. increased risk of fetus because the umbilical cord does not have enough fluid to float and may become compressed. |
| placenta previa | pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part) |
| polyhydramnios | excessive amniotic fluid |
| preeclampsia | abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria |
| CIN | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| endometial hyperplasia | excessive development of cells in the lining of the uterus |
| fibroadenoma of the breast | noncancerous breast tumors composed of fibrous and glandular tissue |
| fibrocystic changes of the breast | formerly called fibrocystic disease, benign condition affects the glandular and stromal tissue |
| leiomyoma of the uterus | also termed fibroids these smooth muscle tumors of the uterus are usually nonpainful |
| mature teratoma of the ovary | also termed dermoid cysts these noncancerous ovarian growths arise from germ cells |
| ovarian cyst | a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary |
| choriocarcinoma | malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy |
| endometrial adenocarninoma | the most common cancer of the uterus, develops in the cells that line the uterus |
| EOC | epithelial ovarian cancer, an inherited mutation of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is linked to the risk of this malignancy and breast cancer |
| IDC | Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma |
| leiomyosarcoma | rare cancer of the smooth muscle of the uterus |
| lobular carcinoma | about 15% of breast cancers are lobular carcinomas |
| Paget disease of the breast | What breast malignancy has tumor cells with a halo surrounding the nucleus and is an ulceration of the nipple and areola with crusting, fissuring, and oozing? |
| squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix | the most common type of cervial cancer, thought to be caused by HPV |
| culdoscopy | endoscopic examination of a woman's pelvic organs by the insertion of a culdoscope through the vagina |
| hysteroscopy | visual examination of the uterus and uterine lining using an endoscope inserted through the vagina |
| laparoscopy | laparotomy performed with a laparoscope that makes a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity (especially the ovaries and Fallopian tubes) |
| CVS | Chorionic Villus Sampling genetic test where a doctor inserts a special instrument through the mother's vagina and cervix, and removes a small amount of tissue from the embryonic membrane for testing |
| CST | measure the fetal heart rate throughout a minimum of three contractions within a 10 min period |
| NST | nonstress test, stimulation of the fetus tomonitor for a normal, expected acceleration of the fetal heart rate |
| congenital hypothyroidism | Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone that causes severe mental retardation |
| PKU | Phenulketonuria A genetic abnormality in which a child cannot metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid, which consequently builds up in the body and causes mental retardation. If treated with a special diet, retardation is prevented |
| cervicectomy | excision of the cervix |
| clitoridectomy | type of FGC- involves removal of the clitoris |
| colpopexy | the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall |
| colpoplasty | surgical repair of the vagina |
| culdoplasty | surgical repair of the cul-de-sac |
| D & C | dilation and curettage: procedure that widens the cervical canal with a dilator and scrapes the uterine endometrium with a curette |
| hymenotomy | incision of the hymen |
| hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus |
| LEEP | loop electrocautery excision procedure to remove abnormal cells in cervical dysplasia |
| lumpectomy | excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes |
| mammoplasty | Surgical repair of the breast |
| mastectomy | surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor |
| mastopexy | plastic surgery to lift or reshape the breasts |
| oophorectomy | surgical removal of one of both ovaries |
| pelvic exenteration | Removal of internal and reproductive organs in the region of the hip |
| salpingectomy | surgical removal of one or both Fallopian tubes |
| salpingolysis | removal of the adhesions in the fallopian tubes to reestablish patency with the goal of fertility |
| theleplasty | plastic surgery of the nipple |
| UAE | uterine artery embolization |
| cephalic version | Physician's effort to turn the fetus during delivery |
| cerclage | suturing the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion. The sutures are removed prior to delivery |
| VBAC | Vaginal birth after cesearean |
| AI | Artificial insemination |
| GIFT | Lab mixing and injection of the ova and sperm into the fallopiam tubes so that fertilization occurs naturally in the body |
| ICSI | intracytoplasmic sperm injection, sperm is manually inserted into the lady, happens when male has low sperm count and/or poor motility |
| IVF | In Vitro Fertilization. Eggs (ova) are removed from the ovary laproscopically and placed in a culture dish. The eggs are fertilized with a sperm sample from the father or donor male. |
| ZIFT | small incision surgery where egg is fertilized in a lab, zygotes are transferred to the fallopian tube in their undivided state |
| salpingosalpingostomy | the rejoining of previously cut fallopian tubes to re-establish patency; a reversal of a tubal ligation |
| sterilization | the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria or other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means) |
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