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Glossary Case # 3
Hillcrest Transcription, Case #3 The Cardiopulmonary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute hepatic failure | The sudden onset of liver failure |
| alveolitis | inflammation of alveoli (air sacs in the lung) |
| asystolic | absence of a heartbeat |
| atrial fibrillation | rapid, irregular contractions of the atria (upper chambers of the heart) |
| atrial flutter | rapid contractions of the atria, more regular than fibrillation |
| axillary | pertaing to the armpit |
| axial sections | referring to the parts of the brain examined by CT scan, which is done in sections throughout the center of the brain. |
| basal ganglia calcifications | deposits of calcium in basal ganglia (groups of nerve cells in the brain) |
| Bilateral | occurring on both sides |
| bleb | an abnormal air-filled sac in emphysematous lung tissue |
| bronchoscopy | examination of the brochi through a bronchoscope ( a sugical procedure) |
| brushings | to obtain cell samples using a brush; this material can be sent to histologic or cytologic evaluation |
| carina | a ridgelike structure where the trachea divides into the left and right main stem bronchi |
| cavitary lesions | abnormal tissue areas containing cavities |
| cerebral edema | excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain substance that causes swelling |
| Code Blue | Medical jargon meaning a patien's hearbeat and /or respirations have ceased, calling for immediate resuscitation procedures (CPR) |
| congestion | swelling of blood vessels due to engorgement with blood |
| cords | referring to the vocal cords |
| cortical atrophy | death of cells in the cerebral cortes (part of the brain) |
| coumadin | trade name for warfarin sodium, an anticoagulant drug |
| CT | abbreviation for computer tomography |
| CT scan | a procedure in which x-ray images are analyzed and combined by a computer to yield views representing thin slices of the part examined |
| dialysis catheter | tubular instrument inserted into a major vein in order to filter the blood of impurities; done in patients whose kidneys have less than normal function |
| dilatation | the condition of being stretch (dilated) beyond normal dimensions |
| echocardiogram | an image produced by recording an echo obtained from beams of ultrasonic waves directed through the chest wall and bouncing back from the heart; it dipicts the structure of the heart |
| effusion | the escape of fluid into a body part or tissue |
| ejection fraction | the proportion of the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole that is ejected during systole |
| EKG leads | conductors connected ot an electrocardiograph (EKG) machine |
| embolectomy | surgical removal of a blood clot (embolus) from a blood vessel |
| endobronchial | within the bronchi |
| epiglottis | the lidlike cartilaginous structure that fold back over the opening of the windpipe during swallowing, which prevents frood from entering the lungs. |
| ET tube | abbreviation for endotracheal tube, a tube inserted into trachea (windpipe) to assist in ventilating the patient |
| etiology | cause or origin of a disease or disorder |
| fungemia | the presence of a fungal growth in the blood stream |
| gastrostomy tube | tube inserted through a surgical opening into the stomach, through which nutrition and medication are supplied to the patient |
| glottis | the opening between the vocal cords and the larynx |
| Hemoccult | trade name for a test to discover occult (hidden)blood in the stool |
| hemodialysis | the removal of waste substances from the blood by means of hemodialyzer |
| hemoptysis | the expectoration or spitting up of blood or blood-stained sputum |
| hepatosplenomegaly | enlargment of the liver and spleen |
| high-flow oxygen | oxygen administered to a patient via the highest setting on the oxygen machine (as opposed to low-flow oxygen, which is at a lower setting) |
| hilar | pertaining to the depression, notch, or opening where the vessels and nerves enter an organ |
| HPI | abbreviation for history of present illness |
| hydrocephalus | an incresae in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the cerebrum |
| hypokinesia | abnormally decreased motor function or activity |
| hypoxemic | pertaining to deficient oxygenation of the blood |
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | hardening of the pulmonary (lung) structures of either unknown or spontaneous origin |
| infiltrate | (v) to penetrate small openings of a tissue or substance; (n) when present on chest x-ray it indicates pneumonia |
| INR | international normalized ration (see laboratory sicussion on page 000) |
| intraoperatively | during an operative procedure (surgery) |
| intravenous | within or through a vein |
| intravenous contrast | material inserted into a vein that allows differences in tissues to be delineated; used in radiology and cardiology procedures |
| intubated | the condition of having a tube inserted into a body canal or hollow organ |
| intubation | the insertion of a tube into a body canal or hollow organ |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | one etiologic agent of acute bacterial pneumonia (microbiology genus and species name) |
| lesion | a traumatic break in tissue or pathologic loss of function of a part of the body |
| low-flow oxygen | oxygen administered to a patient via the lowest setting on the oxygen machine (as opposed to high-flow oxygen, which is at a hight setting) |
| lymphadenopathy | disease of the lymph nodes |
| malaise | a vague feeling of body disconfort |
| mechanical ventilation | ventilation (breathing) supported or provided by a machine |
| mediastinal | pertaining to the membranous partition separating the lungs or the two pleural sac |
| MVA | abbreviation for motor vehicle accident |
| myocardial infarction | gross necrosis of the myocardium due to lack of blood supply to the area (heart attack) |
| nephrologist | a specialist in the study of the kidney |
| open-lung biopsy | taking a small sample of apparently diseased tissue in surgery while the lungs are exposed (as poosed to a brush biopsy or a procedure with the lungs not exposed) |
| palpitations(s) | rapid or irregular heart-beat(s), primarily used in the plural form |
| parenchymal | pertaining to the essential elements of an organ, i.e., the functional elements of an organ |
| pleural | pertaining to serous membrane that covers the lungs and lining of the thoracic cavity. |
| prothrombin time | a test for coagualtion factos of the blood (see laboratory discussion on page 198-1990 |
| pseudocords | false cords (long, rounded structures) |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs |
| plumonary vascular congestion | engorgement of pulmonary vessels occurring in cardiac disease, infections, and certain bodily injuries. |
| rhonchus (pl. rhonchi) | a continous dry rattling sound (heard on auscultation) in the throat or bronchial tube due to some type of obstruction |
| S1, S2, S3, S4 | First, second, third and fourth heart sounds; may be heard while listening to the heart via stethoscope: S1 and S2 are normal sounds; S3 and S4 are not normally heard |
| septicemia | toxins in the blood, also called bood poisoning |
| sputum | material coughed up from the lower respiratory tract |
| subarachnoid hemorrahages | hemorrhage (bursting forth of blood) at or between the arachnoid and pia mater of the brain |
| supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias | irregularity in the rhythm of the heart starting from a focus above the ventricles |
| Swan-Ganz catherter | a catherter with a balloon at the tip of measuring pulmonary arterial pressures, trade name |
| thorax | chest |
| thrombosis | formation or presence fo a thrombus or blood clot |
| trachea | windpipe |
| trachostomy | surgical opening into the trachea |
| tuberculosis | an infectious disease of the lung |
| ventricles | lower chambers of the heart |
| Versed | trade name for a nonbarbiturate drug given intravenously (either before or during surgery) to produce sedation and amnesia |
| WNL | abbreviation for within normal limits |
| Xylocaine | trade name for lidocaine, a topical anesthetic drug |
| amphoric | a hollow sound resulting from perscussion over a lung cavity |
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