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Spinal Anatomy
Emphasis: Bones of the Spine with its supporting structures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are __ cervical, __ lumbar and __ thoracic vertebrae in the human body. | 7,5, 12 |
| The condition of having SI1 unconnected from the rest of the sacrum is calle | lumbarization |
| The fetal curve is __ in the posterior and __ in the anterior | convex, concave |
| WOTF is not a structure on the occipital bone? EOP Superior nuchal line Condyle Mastoid foramen | condyle |
| The head and the trunk are balanced by this type of curve? | lumbar |
| Juxtaposition refers to its position in reference to the relationship to __ vertebra(e). | 2 |
| The cervical curve and the lumbar curve are curves of what type? | secondary and lordotic |
| What are the two systems that form first in the body? | heart, spine |
| What is the precursor to the spine? | notochord, primitive streak |
| The remnants of the notochord make up which anatomical part of the human adult? | nucleus pulposis |
| What is a normal amount of somite pairs for a month old developing embryo? | 38 |
| Which region of a somite will eventually develop vertebrae? | sclerotome |
| WOTF best describes a dermatome? | area of body supplied by a sensory nerve |
| Primary ossification starts during the __ week of fetal life. | 10th |
| The most anterior portion of the occiput is: | basilar process |
| The sphenoid bone is fused with __, the most anterior bone of the occiput. | basilar process |
| The medulla oblongata is the: | brain stem |
| What is on the external surface of the basilar portion? | pharyngeal tubercle |
| On the medial side of each condyle is a tubercle called: | unnamed tubercle |
| What is the function for the hypoglossal canal? | holds the hypoglossa nerve (12th cranial nerve) |
| The neural ring in the lumbrar spine is __. | triangular |
| This boiny projection of bone located laterally from the condyles is the __. It is an attachment point for muscles and ligaments. | jugular process |
| The nucleus pulposis is a remnant of the notochord, which originates from the __. | mesoderm |
| A line on the occiput that that runs inferior and slightly lateral is the inferior nuchal line. | true |
| What is lateral to the internal occipital crest? | cerebellar fossa |
| The external occipital crest has __ ridge(s). | 1 |
| The internal occipital crest has __ ridge(s). | 4 |
| The pharyngeal tubercle is a structure on the occiput | true |
| A __ in the disc causes degeneration | loss of water |
| Which vertebra is labeled typical | C-6 |
| Severe disc degeneration leads to WOTF diseases? Sclerosis Osteoarthritis Scoliosis Paget's disease | Osteoarthritis |
| The vertebral body is also known as the centrum. | true |
| One disc, which is smalles in height compared to the others, shows WOTF conditions? | disc degeneration |
| The vertebral body is __ on its superior and __ on its inferior surfaces. | concave, concave |
| Joints of Lushka are found in the | cervicals |
| These roots project posteriorly and laterally from the corner of the vertebral bodies. | pedicles |
| A pedicle has a concavity. | true |
| Epistropheus is referred to as | C2 |
| These are considered arches. | laminae |
| WOTF does not have a disc? | between C1 and C2 |
| Ribs __ and __ are floating ribs | 11, 12 |
| The vertebral arteries carry roughly about __% of the total blood carried to the brain | 40% |
| Transverse processes project __, __ and __ at C7 | lateral, inferior, posterior |
| What artery goes through the transverse foramen? | vertebral |
| Spinous processes are attachment points for muscles and ligaments | true |
| Muscles are derived from the __, which is responsible for the development of somites. | mesoderm |
| What does the surface of the articular facets consist of? | hyaline cartilage |
| WOTF is not part of the suboccipital triangle? Superior Oblique Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Inferior Oblique | Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor |
| The neural ring for a typical cervical vertebra is __ in shape. | triangular |
| Spinal stenosis is congenital | true |
| The neural ring is also known as (A.K.A.) | spinal canal, neural canal |
| The atlas has __ lateral masses | 2 |
| One lateral mass makes up __% of the total ring of atlas. | 20% |
| The superior surfaces of the lateral masses of the atlas are kidney shaped bones. | true |
| The little bump on the anterior portion of the anterior arch is known as this: | anterior tubercle |
| The fovea dentalis is the point of articulation for the __. | axis and the atlas |
| The average female spine is 25 inches. | true |
| 25% of the length of the spine is made by the __. It makes up __ inches of the spine. | intervertebral discs, 6 1/4 - 7 inches |
| The most posterior portion of the atlas is called the posterior tubercle. | true |
| The second cervical nerve attaches to the __ surface of the posterior arch. | inferior |
| Neurovascular bundle consists of: | nerves, segmental artery, veins (all of the above) |
| The first cervical nerve is also known as the | suboccipital nerve |
| The transverse processes of the atlas are located __ and __ to the mastoid bone. | inferior, medial |
| C2 is called the | Axis, Epistropheus |
| Posterior arch makes up 40% of the atlas | true |
| The major point of rotation for the cervical spine is the | axis |
| The large tooth-like process on the axis is called: | Odontoid process |
| The __ ligament is most anterior. | apical |
| The superior articular surfaces of the axis articulate with the inferior surfaces of the atlas. | true |
| Os odontoideum is a condition where the odontoid does not join on the body of the axis. This is __. | congenital |
| Os odontoideum is a condition where the odontoid can have porous edges. | false, jagged or smooth |
| The transverse process of __ has a carotid tubercle | C6 |
| Atypical vertebrae of C-1, C-2 and | C-7 |
| Thoracic vertebrae have __ shaped vertebral bodies | heart |
| Which vertebrae articulate with the ribs in the general population? | thoracic |
| What are found at the posterior, superior corners of the vertebral body of the typical thoracic vertebrae? | superior costal facets |
| Typical thoracic vertebrae have __ facets. | 4 |
| There are __ moveable vertebrae in the body | 24 |
| T1 transverse processes project lateral, __ and __. | superior, posterior |
| The two superior articular processes in thoracic vertebrae project __ and __ from the LPJ. | superior, posterior |
| Which is true of the spinal canal? #82 | all of the above |
| Transverse processes contain __ in the thoracic vertebrae | all of the above |
| Atypical vertebrae are T1, T10, T11, T12 and | T9 |
| T1 has | 2 whole superior facets, a rib attached to it |
| TThe whole facets of T1 will attach to a rib. | true |
| Rib 1 articulates with the vertebral body of T1 and the transverse facet of the T1 transverse process. | true |
| T9 is atypical because of WOTF conditions? | 1 inferior demifacet may or may not be present |
| T10 has no inferior demi facet. | true |
| T10 has a largemfull facet inferiorly. | false, superiorly |
| If there were an inferior facet on T9 it would attach to the __ of T10. | transverse process |
| T11 and T12 are called floating ribs because they don't attach to | transverse processes |
| The superior tubercle on T12 is like the | lumbar mamillary process |
| The __ process is lateral to the mamillary process. | accessory |
| Cervical rib usually occurs at __ transverse process. | C7 |
| The neural ring ins in thoracic part of the spine are __ shaped. | circular |
| Which two vertebrae have the largest spinous processes? (Hint: Either one can be known as the Vertebra Prominence). | C7, T1 |
| This vertebra will move freely forward with extension of the head. C4 C2 C3 C6 all of the above | all of the above |
| Secondary ossification only occurs after birth. | true |
| The vertebral body of a typical lumbar is heart shaped. | false, kidney shaped |
| There are __ cranial nerves in the human body. | 12 |
| Two lamina come together to form a single, large, blunt spinous process in the lumbars. | true |
| There are __ articular processes in typical thoracic vertebrae. The superior articular process projects __ and the inferior articular process projects __ from the LPJ. | 4, superior, inferior |
| Scotty Dog is also known as (A.K.A) | Pars Interarticularis |
| The body shape of the cervical vertebrae is | oval |
| When the superior facets of L5 are facing the same way as the inferior facets of L4, the condition is known as | Lumbosacral facet syndrome |
| Chiropractors use the __ as a segmental contact point when adjusting the lumbars | mamillary process |
| WOTF is not a characteristic of L5? | there is a rounded spinous process |
| There are two accessory processes in the lumbars and they are superior to the transverse process. | false, accessory processes are at the same level as transverse processes. |
| The sacral pump is important because it circulates cerebro-spinal fluid. | true |
| What projects laterally from the base of the sacrum? | Sacral Ala |
| This bone(s) project laterally from the sacral hiatus | Sacral cornu |
| The sacrum can be described as a(n) | inverted triangle |
| WOTF is an anatomical structure of the coccyx? | Transverse process of coccyx |
| The base of the sacrum articulates with the | L5 |
| Sacrum has two articular processes | true |
| The most inferior anatomical structure is the __. | Sacral Cornu |
| There are 8 foramen in the sacrum. | true |
| The posterior primary divisions are posterior nerves that exit out of WOTF foramen? | sacral foramen |
| Embryologically, there are four sacral segments. | false, 5 |
| Sacrum tubercles are also known as the __. | median sacral crest |
| Intermediate sacral crest is homologous to | articular process |
| S1 doesn't have a tubercle, so we can have extension in movement. | true |
| The sacral hiatus is generally superior to the sacral horn. | true |
| Transverse ridge lines can be found on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the sacrum. | true |
| Ala is most representative of the term | wing |
| The last intervertebral disc is between | L5 and S1 |
| Lateral surfaces of the sacrum are called auricular surfaces. They look like: | ears |
| Auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the | auricular surface of the sacrum |
| Coccyx and the sacrum are both inverted triangles. | true |
| The area surrounding the nucleus pulposis in the intervertebral disc is called the annulus fibrosus. | true |
| All of the following are found on the pelvic surface of the sacrum except: | intermediate sacral crest |
| The 3 horizontal ridges do not represent the articulations of the four previous individual coccyx segments. | false, do represent |
| The PSIS is found at the same level as | S2 |
| The PSOS is not a segmental contact point for chiropractors. | false |
| WOTF is not a type of hip bone? ilium pubis ischium all of the above form the hip bones | all of the above form the hip bones |
| Which bone makes up 40% of the acetabulum? | ilium |
| The descending ramus is inferior to the ascending ramus of the ischium. | true |
| The ischial spine is __ to the ischial tuberosity. | superior |
| The body of the ischium goes toward the | posterior |
| The superior ramus of the pubic bone is connected to the | pubic tubercle |
| The superior pubic ramus is superior to the | ischial tuberosity |
| How many spinal nerves (not pairs)are there in the human body? | 62 |
| Where does the 8th spinal nerve reside? | between C7 and T1 |
| How many coccygeal nerves are there? | 1 The one coccygeal nerve is called the coccygeal nerve. |
| The first spinal nerve is called the | suboccipital |
| The medulla oblongata is directly superior to the | Spinal cord |
| The __ is the most posterior and the __ is the most anterior structures of the hip bones in the standing position. | PSIS, pubic tubercle |
| The first spinal nerve is between | occiput and C1 |
| The 2nd spinal nerve is found between | C1 and C2 |
| The termination of the spinal cord is at | Conus medullaris |
| The first cervical nerve exits above C2 vertebra, | false, above C1 vertebra |
Created by:
chad.dorris
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