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Facial Nerve z
The Facial Nerve anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What branchial arch does the facial nerve supply? | The second |
| Where does the facial nerve exit the brain? | From the pons (midbrain) |
| What are the two distinct portions of the facial nerve? | Facial nerve proper and the nervus intermedius |
| Which of the two is a pure motor nerve? | The facial nerve proper |
| What muscles receive motor branches from the facial nerve? | Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric muscle |
| The nervus intermedius is named because of its position between what two other nerves? | Facial nerve proper and vestibulocochlear nerve |
| What nerve fibers are carried by the nervus intermedius? | Taste fibers, pre-ganglionic parasympathetics, general sensory fibers |
| What structure does the facial nerve enter? What other nerve accompoanies it? | The internal acoustic meatus; vestibulocochlear nerve |
| The facial nerve then enters the ___ ___ and course laterally through the petrous portion of the temporal bone until it reaches the cavity of the middle ear (tympanic cavity). It then turns sharply backwards. | facial canal |
| What is the knee shaped bend of the facial nerve called? What is significant about it? | The genu; contains the sensory ganglion of the facial nerve, the geniculate ganglion |
| What happens to the facial nerve when it reaches the posterior wall of the middle ear cavity? | Turns sharply downward and leaves skull through the stylomastoid foramen |
| What branch does the facial nerve proper send out while its in the facial canal? | branch to the stapedius muscle |
| Describe the general path of the facial nerve proper | Internal acoustic meatus-->facial canal-->tympanic cavity-->posterior wall of the middle ear cavity-->stylomastoid foramen-->parotid gland-->final terminal branches to muscles of facial expression |
| What branches does the facial nerve give upon emerging from the stylomastoid foramen? | Posterior auricular branch (facial muscles behind ear); branch to the stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric |
| The main trunk of the nerve gives off what 5 terminal branches? | temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical |
| What nerve fibers does the nervus intermedius have? | Taste fibers, preganglionic parasympathetics, and some sensory fibers (general sensory fibers of the facial nerve can be ignored) |
| All sensory fibers (taste and general sensory) have their cell bodies in what ganglion? | Geniculate ganglion |
| Describe the path of the greater petrosal nerve | Geniculate ganglion-->middle cranial fossa at the hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve-->crosses foramen lacerum-->pterygoid canal-->pterygopalatine fossa |
| The greater petrossal nerve proceeds anteriorly and enters middle cranial fossa at the ___ of the ___ ___ nerve. | hiatus of the greater petrossal nerve |
| The greater petrossal nerve crosses the foramen lacerum and enters the ____ canal where it is joined by the ___ ___ nerve. This nerve consists of _____ ____ fibers from the internal carotid plexus | pterygoid canal; deep petrosal; postganglionic parasympathetic |
| The deep petrossal nerve passes through the ____ ganglion without synapsis and provides all branches of the ____ division of the trigeminal nerve with _____ ____ fibers | pterygopalatine ganglion; maxillary division; postganglionic parasympathetic |
| The preganglionic parasympathetics of the greater petrossal nerve synpase in the ____ ganglion. | Pterygopalatine ganglion. |
| The postganglionic parasympathetics from the pterygopalatine ganglion join which nerves? | Greater and lesser palatine, posterior nasal branches, nasopalatine nerve, pharyngeal nerve, zygomatic nerve, superior alveolar nerve |
| The taste fibers of the greater petrossal nerve pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing and join which nerves prior to supplying the taste buds of the palate? | The greater and the lesser palatine nerves |
| The chorda tympanie continues its course with the facial nerve through which structure? | The facial canal |
| Just before the facial nerve reaches the stylomastoid foramen, the chorda tympani departs and enters which cavity? | The tympanic cavity |
| The chorda tympani runs forward over the inner surface of the ___ ___ and crosses the __ of the ____ | Tympanic membrane; handle of the malleolus |
| The chorda tympani leaves the tympanic cavity through the _____ _____ and enters the __ ___ and joins the ____ nerve. | petrotympanic fissure; infratemporal fossa; lingual nerve |
| The taste fibers carried by the chorda tympani are distributed to what structures? | anterior two-thirds of the tongue |
| Where do the preganglionic parasympathetics of the chorda tympani synapse? Where is it located? | With the postganglionic parasympathetics of the submandibular ganglion; suspended from the lingual nerve by communicating branches |
| Where do the parasympathetics of the chorda tymanpi eventually end up? | Submandibular gland or ass forward along lingual nerve to the sublingual and lingual salivary glands |
| What will you observe with a lesion of the facial nerve at the level of the stylomastoid foramen? | Most common (Bell's palsy): all muscles of facial expression on ipsilateral side paralyzed, but glandular and taste functions remain intact; patient cannot move eyelid; potential for corneal irritation great; mouth, lip of affected side droop-->drooling |
| What will you observe with a lesion of the facial nerve between the departure of the chorda tympani and the nerve to the stapedius? | All of the above plus loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and reduced salivation |
| What will you observe with a lesion of the facial nerve proximal to the departure of the nerve to the stapedius? | All of the effects of a + b (see previous lesions) pluss hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to sound) |
| What will you observe with a lesion to the facial nerve at the level of the internal acoustic meatus? | all of the effects of a, b, and c plus loss of lacrimal secretion and loss of taste on the palate |
Created by:
karkis77
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