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PS Final Exam
Political Science Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nunn-Lugar Program | Fearful of epistemic (the study of knowledge) communities, especially the USSR and the spread of knowledge of the atomic bomb. Goal was to combat terrorism and NBC by securing and dismantling weapons of mass destruction. |
| Judicial Activism | Judicial philosophy that believes the court should go beyond the words of the Constitution - it is a document that is "subject to change". |
| Oversight | Hearings, investigations, and so forth conducted by Congress to exercise checks and balances over the executive branch. Congress supervises and oversees how they carry out legislation. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1970 | Provided language assistance at the polls to minority voters who did not speak English fluently. |
| Warren Commission | Investigated the assassination of JFK; believed there was only one assassin and attempted to squash any other theories. |
| Freetown & Monrovia | Capitals of Sierra Leone and Liberia; areas of refuge for freed slaves who wished to leave America. |
| Standing Committee | Permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject, such as finance or appropriations. |
| Logrolling | Agreements made between legislators in voting for or against a bill. Unlike bargaining, parties in logrolling have nothing in common but their desire to exchange support. |
| FISA | Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (1978, Carter) outlines procedure for physical and electronic surveillance and collection of "foreign intelligence information" between foreign powers and agents of foreign powers. Precedent for PATRIOT Act. |
| Contras | Name given to various rebel groups in Nicaragua which opposed the pro-communist government. |
| Griswold v. Connecticut | Supreme Court ruled the Constitution protects one's right to privacy. Case dealt with married couples obtaining information about contraceptives. |
| Phantom Voters | Registered voters in a constituency other than their formal address. |
| Iran-Contra Affair | Congress attempted to limit amount of $ U.S. could give to support Contras in Nicaraguan Civil War (Reagan wanted to prevent domino effect). Sold weapons to Iran in exchange for US hostages, used money to support Contras. |
| Lee Harvey Oswald | According to the United States government, the man responsible for the assassination of JFK. |
| ACLU | American Civil Liberties Union; focuses on legislative lobbying. Mission is to "defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person by the Constitution and the laws of the United States". |
| Gregg v. Georgia | Supreme Court case that ruled the death penalty is not illegal. |
| 8th Amendment | Prohibits the government from posting excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. |
| Writ of Assistance | Written order issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official to perform a certain task. |
| Select Committee | Usually temporary legislative committee set up to highlight or investigate a particular issue or address and issue not within the jurisdiction of existing committees. |
| Filibuster | Tactic used by the Senate members to prevent action on legislation they oppose. "Talking a bill to death" - speak until the majority backs down. Unlimited time to speak, requires 3/5 vote to end. |
| Sociological Representation | Representatives have the same racial, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents. Based on the principle that if two individuals are similar in background, interests, and perspectives, then one could better represent the other. |
| Oliver North | Involved in the sale of arms to Iran during the Iran-Contra affair. Was his idea to use said funds to assist the Contras in Nicaragua. |
| Agency Representation | Representatives are held accountable to their constituency if they fail to represent that constituency properly. Incentive for good representation when the personal backgrounds, views, and interests of the rep differ from those of the constituency. |
| Stare Decisis | "Let the Decision Stand"; previous decision by a court applies as a precedent in similar cases until that decision is overruled. |
| Chicago Eight | Eight persons charged with attempt to start a riot during the 1968 Democratic National Convention. |
| Lex Talionis | "An eye for an eye"; utilized in ancient Mesopotamian times, demonstrated that laws favored order over freedom. |
| E.E. Schattschneider | Argued in "The Semisovereign People" that the pressure system is biased in favor of "the most educated and highest-income members of society" in dealing with interest groups. |
| Hammurabi | First king of the Babylonian empire, enacted the Code of Hammurabi, favored order over freedom. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Upheld the constitutionality of "separate but equal". Plessy, 1/8 black, entered a "whites only" car of a train. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Declared that separate schools for blacks was unconstitutional. Overturned the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. |
| Alien and Sedition Act | Four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists (John Adams administration) designed to protect the United States from "enemy aliens" and "seditious attacks" that could weaken the government. Later criticized for being extremely unconstitutional. |
| NWSA | National Women's Suffrage Association (1869) founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, opposed the 15th Amendment unless it contained the rights to vote for women. |
| James Otis | "Father of the Fourth Amendment" |
| Seal Team Six | U.S. Navy's secretive counter-terrorism unit. |
| James Madison | The "father of the Constitution", fourth president of the United States. |
| National Razor | Nickname for the guillotine, execution by decapitation. |
| Strauder v. West Virginia | Strauder was a black man convicted by an all-white jury (laws prevented blacks from presiding on a jury). Court held that excluding blacks for no reason other than their race was unconstitutional and violated the Equal Protection Clause. |
| Minor v. Happersett | 1875, Challenged Missouri law that prohibited women from voting. Supreme Court upheld decision of the state. |
| Judicial Restraint | Judicial philosophy whose adherents refuse to go beyond the clear words of the Constitution in interpreting its meaning. |
| DEA | Drug Enforcement Administration; tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the United States. |
| Speedkrieg | Nickname for the German Blitzkrieg offensive during World War II; German troops were loaded up on amphetamines to improve performance. |
| "The Base" | Nickname for Al-Qaida. |
| Anti-Miscegnation | Laws against the mixing of races/ethnicities. Ruled unconstitutional in the decision of Loving v. Virginia. |
| Mapp v. Ohio | Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the 4th Amendment's protection against "unreasonable search and seizure" may not be used in criminal prosecutions in both state and federal courts. |
Created by:
pnordland
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