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Kasey2004 Flashcards
Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| central nervous system(CNS) | includes the brain and spinal cord and is covered by the bones of the skull and vertebral column |
| peripheral nervous system(PNS) | involves the cranial and spinal nerves |
| autonomic nervous system(ANS) | supplies nerves to all of the internal organs and is responsible for controlling the involuntary responses such as heart rate or blood flow |
| neurology | study of the nervous system and its disorders |
| neurologist | physician involved in the care of the nervous system disorders and diseases |
| thromb/o | clot |
| cephal/o | head |
| quadr/i | four |
| rhiz/o | root |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebr/o | cerebellum |
| dendr/o | branching |
| cyt/o | cell |
| narc/o | sleep |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gli/o | neuroglia, nerve cell |
| mening/o | meninges |
| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow |
| neur/o | nerve |
| olig/o | few, diminished |
| thec/o | sheath |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| medull/o | medulla oblongata |
| neur/i | nerve tissue |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| dipl/o | double |
| caus/o | burn |
| hemi | half |
| epi | above, over |
| para | around or abnormal |
| poly | many |
| sub | beneath, below |
| dura | hard |
| echo | sound |
| a | without |
| an | without |
| brady | slow |
| dys | difficult |
| hyper | excessive |
| algia | pain |
| ia | condition |
| oma | tumor |
| algesia | sensitivity to pain |
| praxia | activity |
| al | pertaining to |
| opia | vision |
| lexia | reading |
| paresis | partial paralysis |
| plegia | paralysis |
| logist | one who specializes in the study of |
| logy | the study of |
| osis | condition, process |
| tomy | process of cutting |
| phasia | speech |
| asthenia | without feeling or sensation |
| neuron | receives and transmits the nerve impulses |
| afferent neurons | carry impulses toward the brain and spinal cord |
| connecting neurons | carry impulses from one neuron to another |
| efferent neurons | carry impulses away from the brain |
| dendrites | short branches of a cell body of a neuron that receive and conduct impulses to the cell body |
| axon | the extensions of a cell body that sends impulses away from the nerve cell |
| myelin - myelin sheath | white fatty covering on the axon |
| synapse | small space found between the neurons |
| neuroglia | supportive cells of the nervous system and they do not conduct impulses throughout the body |
| nerves | bundles of fibers that connect the body organs with the central nervous system |
| cerebral spinal fluid(CSF) | clear colorless fluid which flows throughout the brain and spinal cord to cushion the organs from injury |
| meninges | three protective membrane layers that enclose the brain and spinal cord |
| dura mater | outer most layer of membrane that protects the brain and spinal cord |
| arachnoid | the middle layer of membrane that protects the brain and spinal cord |
| pia mater | protective membrane layer nearest the brain and spinal cord |
| brain | one of the largest organs in the body, it is contained within the skull, part of the central nervous system |
| cerebrum | largest part of the brain; controls sensory activities such as memory, consciousness, emotions, judgement, and voluntary movement; has four lobes |
| frontal lobe | one of the lobes of the cerebrum; influences motor function |
| parietal lobe | lobe of the brain responsible for sensation |
| occipital lobe | lobe of the brain responsible for vision |
| temporal lobe | lobe of the brain that controls hearing and smell |
| cerebellum | second largest section of the brain which connects to the brainstem; functions to maintain muscle tone, controls balance and coordinates movement |
| brainstem | continuous with spinal cord; divided into three parts |
| midbrain | upper region of the brainstem responsible for reflexes in the cranial nerves |
| pons | middle part of the brainstem which regulates respirations |
| medulla oblongata | lowest part of the brainstem that controls cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor functions |
| thalamus | receives and relays all sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex |
| olfactory | involving the sense of smell |
| hypothalamus | brain region that acts as regulator or thermostat of body temperature, appetite and digestion, water balance, sleeping and waking cycles, emotions, and regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations |
| corpus callosum | connects the two hemispheres of the brain |
| spinal cord | thick cord of nervous tissue that contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
| somatic nervous system | responsible for the voluntary responses, such as walking and talking |
| sympathetic nervous system | engages the bodies response to emergency situations |
| parasympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system, assists in returning the body to normal after a stressful situation has occurred |
| brain abscess | accumulation of pus located in the brain tissue |
| aphasia | inability to communicate through speech due to injury or disease to part of the brain |
| cephalalgia | pain in the head, headache |
| dysphasia | difficult speech |
| hemiparesis | slight or partial paralysis on one half of the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one half of the body |
| narcolepsy | uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep |
| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| paresthesia | sensation of numbness or tingling |
| syncope | fainting |
| alzheimer's disease | progressive deterioration of a person's intellectual functioning |
| ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | severe weakening of the motoneurons of the spinal cord and cortex, leading to progressive paralysis |
| bell's palsy | temporary or permanent weakness/paralysis of muscles in the face on one side |
| CVA -cerebrovascular accident | death of a specific portion of the brain tissue |
| epilepsy | syndrome of recurring episodes of seizures |
| hematoma | collection of blood within tissues |
| MS - multiple sclerosis | degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS |
| parkinson's disease | degenerative, slow, progressive deterioration of neurons in the brain stem |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges of the brain/spinal cord |
| herpes zoster, shingles | acute viral infection with inflammation of the skin of a spinal or cranial nerve pathway |
| TIA - transient ischemic attack | temporary interruption of the blood supply to a portion of the brain |
| coma | deep state of unconsciousness/no responses |
| amnesia | disturbance in memory, inability to remember past experiences |
| hemorrhagic stroke - bleed | leak or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain |
| EEG | electroencephalography, recording the electrical activity of the brain |
| LP - spinal tap | lumbar puncture, insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid |
| TENS | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain relief |
| myelogram | x-ray record of the spinal cord and spinal cavity |
| neurectomy | surgical excision of a nerve or nerve fibers |
| echoencephalography | ultrasound used to analyze the intracranial structures of the brain |
| Romberg test | to evaluate cerebellar function and balance |
| brain scan | nuclear scanning of the brain after intravenous injection of radiosotopes |
| craniotomy | surgical procedure to make an opening in the skull |
| nerve block | injection of a local anesthetic along the course of a nerve to eliminate sensation to the area |
| rhizotomy | surgical resection of a spinal nerve root to relieve pain |
Created by:
Kasey2004
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