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Drug Actions Farias
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heartburn, esophageal stricture, hemorrhage, hoarseness, pneumonia | GERD |
| enlarge esophogaus, dysphagia, regurge, chestpain, wieght loss, mucosal rupture/ulceration, putrid materia, aspiration pneumonia | esophogeal achalasia |
| chronic, gnawing, burning ab/chest pain, GI bleeding, acute massive hemorrage, perforation, infection, obstruction | ulcer disease |
| N/V, Bloating, constipation/diarrhea, bacterial overgrowht, blood glucose, weight loss, bezoars | gastroparesis |
| discomfort after eating to severe pain, jaundice | cholelithiasis |
| inflammation, infection sepsis | cholecystitis |
| dehydratio, malnutrition, weight loss, fatigue | diarrhea |
| Osmotic D. | Malabsorptive nutrients/electrolytes, retain water |
| secretory | increase rate of fluid out of epith. into lumen |
| inglammatory | loss of mucus, blood, protein, cytokeine release |
| host immune response to GI antigens, t and B cells disrupt, ulcerations/inflammation of entire bowl, perforation, fistula, abscess, SI, bleeding, cancer, protein losing enteropathy, disorder skin eye mucus, arthritis, nephrolithiasis, thromboembolic dis, | IBD-Crohns |
| rare-preforation, obstuction, fistula, bleeding, prostein losing enterpathy, higher risk of carcinoma | IBD-ulcerative colitis |
| refined food, muscose and submucosa herniate | diverticular disease |
| diverticulosis | initial stage, chronic constipations, ab. pain, flatulence, sigmoid colon, abnormal colon wall |
| diverticular bleeding | blood in stool, painless, no inflammation |
| diverticulitis | focal area inflammation, ab. pain, fever, risk of sbscess, perfoartion, fistula, intestineal obstruction. |
| decreased solubility, increase precip. of uring substnace, dehydration, high protein diet, HTN, infection | renal stones |
| pain in kidney, distension, anuria, azotemia, hematuria, renal damage, HTN, infection or abscess | renal stones |
| abrupt hematuria, proteinuria, Dec. GFR, water/salt retention | acute glomerulonephritis |
| complete renal failure in weeks | rapidly professive glomerulonephritis |
| acute flomerulonephritis to chronic | chronic glomerulonephritis |
| nephrotic syndrome | proteinuria, albunimura, edema, hyperlipidema |
| acute Glom. | immune mediated attackw ith deposition of immunocomplexes and complement in capillaries |
| rapidly progressive glom. | extracapillary proliferation with gaps in basement membrane |
| chronic glomerul. | sclerosis, subepithelial protein deposits and cell. proliferation |
| nephrotic syndrome | no cellular infiltrate of inflammation, antigen-ab in basement membrane |
| renal stones, heart failure, glomerulonephritis, nevrosis, hypovolemia, septis | acute renal failure |
| fatigue, malaise, peripheral edema, dyspnea, dec. FG, increased BUN, urine not conc., NA retention, azotemia, orthopnea, rales | acture renal failure |
| DM, glomerulonephristis, HTN, infeciton PKD, Obstruction | Chronic renal failure |
| loss of nephron function, uremia, renal hormones change, fluid shifts | chronic renal failure |
| hyperalekemia, anemia, clotting abnormaliites, CV and pul. dysfunction, osteomalacia and osteoporosis, metabolic acidosis, CHF, Edema | Chronic renal failure |
| biliubin, nutrients, drugs, foreign substances | hepatic portal vien (to liver) |
| bilirubine metabolic hormones and drugs, nutrients | hepatic artery (to liver) |
| bile salts, bilirubin, water, ions, phospholipids | bile duct (away liver) |
| glucose, plasma proteins, urea, D3, somatomedins, metabolites | hepatic veing (away liver) |
| glucose, fat, protein synthesis, urea production, detox, storage | liver |
| acute, stool, fecal, oral, sex, abrupt onset, antibiotics against reinfection, vac. kills hepatocytes | hep. A viral |
| Hep. B viral | acute, 6%chronich, blood, sex, insiduious, vaccine |
| hep C viral | acute, 70-80% chronic, blood |
| Hep. D Viral | acute, chronic, HBV coinfection, blood, sex, high mortality, insidious onset |
| hep e viral | acute, stool, oral, most severe acute |
| acute hep | hepatocyte infection, inflammatory response, heptatocyte degeneration/necrosis, kupfer cells, cholestasis with bile plug, hepatic loss 1-5%, |
| acute hep. viral | prodrome icteric, convalescent |
| prodrome | fever, malaise, fatigue, N/V, anoreaxia, ab. pain, HA, cough, skin, myalgia, arthralgia |
| icteric | improve prodome ex. ab. pain, splenomegaly, jaundic, light poo, dark urin, eccchymoses, encephalopathy, renal dysfunction |
| convalescent | normal except liver tests |
| acute: toxic | similar to viral |
| acetominophen | CYP-iNOS activaiton-apoptosis, |
| chronic hepatitis | viral, drugs, genetic (antitrypsin), immune |
| chronic hepatitis | little or no fibrosis, anorexia, fatigue, malaise, RUQ ab. pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis |
| cirrhosis | fibrosis, protal hypertension, scaring, regenerative nodules |
| cirrhosis | ascites, h. encephalopathy, gastroesophageal varices, feminization, coagulopathy, hepatorenal syndrom, hypoalbuminemia, peripheral edema, bac. peritonitis, splenomegaly, spider angioma |
Created by:
Alexia4
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