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Lecture Ch. 20
Lymphatic System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when fluid enters the lymphatic vessels it is called what? | lymph |
| function of lymphatics or lymphatic vessels | up to 3 L of fluid each day that is not reabsorbed and must be returned to the cardiovascualar system. |
| Fluid flow--importance of lympahtic vessels | forced out of the arterial ends of capillaries and reabsorbed at the venous ends. |
| Lymphatics | form a ONE WAY system that flows TOWARD the heart |
| Lymphatic systems starts where | lymph capillaries |
| No lymph capillaries where? | teeth, bones, or CNS |
| what else is returned by lymph capillaries? | proteins that leak from blood capillaries |
| Lymph capillaries can also take up what? | cell debris, bacteria viruses, cancer cells...then filtered by lymph nodes. |
| lymph capillaries flow into | larger vessels which follow the arteries |
| right lymphatic duct | empties into the right subclavian vein |
| right lymphatic duct | lymph from the right upper extremity, right side of head and neck and right thorax drains here |
| inflammation of the lymph vessels | lyphangitis |
| the flow of lymph | assisted by muscular pumps, the respiratory pump and one-way valves. |
| increased movement of an extremity causes an increase or decrease in lymph flow | increase |
| blockage of lymphatics cause tissue swelling known as | lymphedema-distal to the site of blockage. |
| lymphoid cells | lymphocytes |
| 2 types of lymphocytes | T cells and B cells |
| manage the overall immune response...T or B cells? | T cells |
| divide to become plasma cells & then make antibodies | B cells |
| antibodies attach to | antigens |
| antigens stimulate | an immune response |
| consume foreign material and cellular debris | macrophages aka phagocytes |
| lymphoid tissues throughout the body function | storage and proliferation site for lymphocytes |
| macrophages vs. lymphocytes | macro-stay in one place...lymph-throughout whole body |
| the principle lymphoid organs in the body | lymph nodes |
| clusters of lymph nodes found where in the body? | cervical, axillary, inguinal regions |
| 1 functions of lymph nodes | 1) act as filters....macrophages remove debris from the lymph b4 xfer back to the blood |
| other function of lymph nodes | help activate the immune system---monitor the lymph for the presence of foreign antigens |
| size and shape of lymph nodes | kidney bean shape less than 1 in. in length |
| each lymph node is surrounded by what? | a fibrous capsule |
| lymph enters through | convex side of a lymph node through AFFERENT lymphatic vessels |
| lymph exits | at the hilum via EFFERENT lymphatic vessels |
| the first lymph node clinincally named | the sentinel node |
| lymph passes through many nodes before returned to blood stream. T or F | True |
| infected nodes or nodes draining an infected area | become swollen and tender |
| cancer cells in a lymph node | cause enlargement USUALLY non tender |
| other lymphoid organs | spleen, thymus, tonsils, clusters of lymph tissue |
| location of spleen | upper quadrant of abdominal cavity posterior and lateral to the stomach |
| the hilum of the spleen | where the splenic artery and vein enter |
| spleen's main function | remove old and defective RBCs and platelets as well as foreign material and deris-bacteria from the blood |
| other function of the spleen | site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance |
| spleen | stores and release the breakdown products of the RBCs and stores platelets |
| spleen surrounded by | thin fibrous capsule that can rupture easily |
| removal of the spleen is called? | splenectomy |
| splenectomy | incrase the risk of bacterial infection in the bloodstream |
| location of the thymus | anterior superior mediastinum |
| thymus | involved in T-cell maturation |
| thymus | dev.important in childhood |
| thymus does what after puberty | atrophies and is replaced by fatty and fibrous tissue |
| the thymus is direction invovled in fighting infection. T or F | FALSE |
| location of tonsils | beneath the mucosa and forma ring of lymphoid tissue around the entrace to the pharynx-the throat |
| palatine tonsils | posterior aspet of the oral cavity |
| lingual tonsils | base of the tongue |
| pharyngeal tonsils | aka adenoids-posterior wall of the nasopharynx |
| tonsils function to do what | remove pathogens that get through the mucosa of these areas |
| clusters of lymphoid tissue | found in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine (Peyer's patches) and in the wall of the appendix |
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