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med-term7
respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide | tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process |
| Cartilage | tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone |
| Cilia | any hairlike structure |
| Diffuse | moving or spreading out of a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces |
| Mucous membrane | moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment, also called mucosa |
| Oxygen | tastless, colorless, odorless gas essential for human respiration |
| Septum | wall dividing two cavities, such as the nasal septum, which separates the two nostrils |
| Serous membrane | thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities, the cells of which secrete a fluid that keeps the membrane moist, also called serosa |
| Nas/o | nose |
| Rhin/o | nose |
| Sept/o | septum |
| Sinus/o | sinus, cavity |
| Adenoid/o | adenoids |
| Tonsil/o | tonsils |
| Epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| Laryng/o | larynx (voice box) |
| Trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
| Bronchi/o | bronchus (bronchi) |
| Bronch/o | bronchus, bronchi |
| Bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| Alveol/o | alveolus, air sac |
| Pleur/o | pleura |
| Pneum/o | air, lung |
| Pneumon/o | air, lung |
| Pulmon/o | lung |
| Anthrac/o | coal, coal dust |
| Atel/o | incomplete, imperfect |
| Coni/o | dust |
| Cyan/o | blue |
| Lob/o | lobe |
| Orth/o | straight |
| Ox/I | oxygen |
| Ox/o | oxygen |
| Pector/o | chest |
| Steth/o | chest |
| Thorac/o | chest |
| Phren/o | diaphragm, mind |
| Spir/o | breathe |
| Capnia | carbon dioxide |
| Osmia | smell |
| Phonia | voice |
| Pnea | breathing |
| Ptysis | spitting |
| Thorax | chest |
| Brady | slow |
| Dys | bad, painful, difficult |
| Eu | good, normal |
| Tachy | rapid |
| Acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids |
| Anosmia | absence of the sense of smell |
| Apnea | temporary loss of breathing, |
| Sleep apnea | sleeping disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly for more than 10 seconds, causing measurable blood deoxygenation |
| Obstructive apnea | caused by englarged tonsils and adenoids |
| Central apnea | caused by failure of the brain to transmit impulses for breathing |
| Mixed apnea | combination of obstructive and central |
| Asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen |
| Atelectasis | collapsed or airless state o the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung – surgical complication, in fetal atelectasis the lungs fail to expand normally at birth |
| cheyne-Stokes respiration | repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all. (heart failure, brain damage) |
| compliance | ease with which lung tissue can be stretched |
| coryza | head cold, upper resp. infection (URI) |
| crackle | abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli, aka rale |
| croup | common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and sometimes lungs. |
| Deviated nasal septum | displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils |
| Epiglottitis | severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age. |
| Epistaxis | nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage |
| Finger clubbing | enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease |
| Hypoxemia | deficiency of oxygen in the blood |
| Hypoxia | deficiency of oxygen in tissues |
| Pertussis | acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a “whoop” sound, also called whooping cough |
| Pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing, also called pleuritis |
| Pneumoconiosis | disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (anthracosis), stone dust (chalicosis), iron dust (siderosis) and asbestos particles (asbestosis) |
| Pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure |
| Pulmonary embolus | blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria) |
| Rhonchus | abnormal breath sounds heard on auscultation |
| Stridor | high-pitched, harsh, advenatitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway |
| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age, also called crib death |
| Wheeze | whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway |
| Mantoux test | intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen (doesn’t differentiate between active and inactive infection) |
| Oximetry | noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of Hb saturated with oxygen, also called pulse oximetry |
| Polysomnography | test of sleep cycles and stages using EEGs, electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, resp. rate, BP, Blood ox.sat, heart rhythm and sometimes direct observation using a video camera |
| Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane |
| Spirometry | measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air |
| Bronchoscopy | visual exam of the bronchi using an endoscope – attachments can be used to suction mucus, remove foreign bodies, collect sputum, or perform biopsy |
| Laryngoscopy | visual exam of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury or other abnormalities |
| Mediastinoscopy | visual exam of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus and lymph nodes |
| Arterial blood gas (ABG) | test that measures partial pressure of Oxygen, CO, pH and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample |
| Sputum culture | microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias |
| Sweat test | measurement of the amount of salt in sweat (used in kids to confirm CF) |
| Throat culture | test used to identify pathogens, especially group A strep |
| Lung scan | nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli |
| Aerosol therapy | lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways. Techniques include nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) |
| Lavage | irrigating or washing out of an organ, stomach, bladder, bowel or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid |
| Antral lavage | irrigation of the antrum (maxillary sinus) in chronic or nonresponsive sinusitis. |
| Postural drainage | positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of lungs |
| Pleurectomy | excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal |
| Pneumectomy | excision of a lung (removal of lobe is lobectomy) |
| Rhinoplasty | reconstructive surgery of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic purposes |
| Septoplasty | surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures |
| Thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis |
| Tracheostomy | surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted |
| AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| DPI | dry powder inhaler |
| DPT | diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
| FVC | forced vital capacity |
| HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
| IPPD | intermittent positive-pressure breathing |
| IRDS | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
| MDI | metered dose inhaler |
| NMT | nebulized mist treatment |
| PA | posteroanterior, pernicious anemia |
| PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, primary care physician, phencyclidine (hallucinogen) |
| PFT | pulmonary function test |
| PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
| RD | respiratory distress |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| T | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TPR | temperature, pulse and respiration |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| VC | vital capacity |
Created by:
lisaseib
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