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U2: Skeletal System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Skeletal system | bones + cartilages + joints (articulations) + ligaments |
Fundamental divisions of the skeleton | axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton |
Axial skeleton | skull + vertebral column +thoracic cage (ribs, costal cartilages, sternum) |
Appendicular skeleton | pectoral/shoulder girdles (each consisting of a scapula and a clavicle) + bones of upper limbs + pelvic girdle (consists of the two hip bones) + bones of lower limbs |
Projections that serve as sites of attachment for muscles (via tendons) and ligaments | Tuberosity, Trochanter, Tubercle, Epicondyle |
Projections that help form joints | head, condyle |
Head | generally a rounded projection; forms joins |
Condyle | generally a wheel-shaped or rounded projection; exception is tibia; helps form joints |
Meatus | a canal like passageway through a bone |
Sinus | an air filled cavity within a bone (paranasal sinuses surround the nasal cavity and are lined with a mucous membrane |
Fossa | a shallow, basin like depression in a bone; often serves as an articular surface (like a lake bed) |
Foramen (plural foramina) | an opening in a bone |