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Tech Definition Src
Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Any substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste with the ability to turn blue litmus red and has a pH less than 7 | Acid |
| Capable of burning, corroding, dissolving or eating away by chemical action with pH greater than 7 | Caustic |
| Materials that react or ignite if they are exposed to air | Air reactivity |
| A phenomenon that occurs during the rapid release (boiling) of a liquefied gas that causes it to temporarily remain in a liquid state through rapid cooling | auto refrigeration |
| a chemical compoound, including cyanide group, that affects bodily functions by preventing normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues | blood agents |
| producing disease through living microorganisms that can mutate and become toxins are more deadly (pathogens) | biological agents |
| toxins that can be small molecules, peptides or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues | biological toxins |
| temperature at which the transition from a liquid to a gas state occurs; liquid quickly becomes a vapor | boiling point |
| substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without being affected | catalyst |
| change takes place on a molecular level and produces a new substance | chemical change |
| caused when two or more chemicals or the chemical and its container are incompatible | chemical interactions |
| separate elements that bond together to form compound mixture; have a tendency to break down into their parts, sometimes in an explosive manner | compound mixture |
| the amount of acid or base is compared to the amount of water present | concentration |
| minimum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied | critical temperature |
| pressure that must be applied to bring a gas to its liquid state | critical pressure |
| separation of a substance into 2 or more simpler substances by the action of heat or chemical process. Usually reversible | dissociation |
| measure of a substance's tendency to deteriorate in the presence of another substance in a particular environment | corrosivity |
| concentration or amount of material to which the body is exposed over a specific time period | dose |
| biological reaction caused by the dose in the body. degree of harm is directly related to dose & its impact on bodily functions | dose response |
| the amount of gas produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temperature | expansion ratio |
| minimum temperature at which a material gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air and will not continue to burn | flash point |
| temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning | fire point |
| difference between upper and lower flammable limits | Flammable range (explosive) |
| minimum concentration below which a flame will not propagate in the presence of an ignition source. Also known as "Too lean to burn" | Lower explosive level (LEL) |
| The maximum vapor to air concentration above, which a flame will not propagate. Also known as "Too rich to burn" | Upper explosive level (UEL) |
| period of time it takes for a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half | half-life |
| more toxic than naturally occurring organic chemicals. decompose into smaller, harmful elements when exposed to high temps | halogenated hydrocarbons |
| added to products to control their chemical reaction with other products. If not added, the material will polymerize | inhibitor |
| temperature at which a material (solid, liquid or gas) will self-ignite & sustain combustion in air without and external spark or flame | ignition (auto) temperature |
| materials that decompose spontaneously, polymerize or otherwise self-react and are considered unstable | instability |
| materials made through the sharing or transfer of electrons | ionic and covalent compounds |
| cause respiratory distress and copious tearing that incapacitate a victim | irritants |
| maximum temperature that an organic peroxide may be stored safely | Maximum Safe Storage Temperature (MSST) |
| temperature at which a liquid converts to a solid | freezing point |
| temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid | melting point |
| tendency or ability of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend or to dissolve in each other; complete solubility, generally seen in liquids, water & alcohol not oil & water | miscibility |
| substances that interfere with the nervous system | nerve agents |
| class of chemical compounds that formerly compromised of those existing in or derived from plants or animals and includes compounds of carbon | organic |
| matter that is not animal or vegetable; lacks carbon chains | inorganic |
| combining of anything with oxygen or the propensity to yield oxygen which will present a greater hazard | oxidation potential |
| chemical's ability to remain in the environment. | persistence |
| numerical measure of a solution hydrogen ion concentration as related to acidity or alkalinity | pH |
| process when objects undergo change that does not change their chemical properties | physical change |
| characteristic form of a material at ambient temperature | physical state (solid, liquid, gas) |
| any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer | polymerization |
| spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus | radioactivity |
| positively charged particle emitted by some radioactive materials and is not considered dangerous unless ingested | alpha |
| can damage skin tissue, and they can damage internal organs if they enter the body. | beta |
| causes skin burns and can severely injure internal organs. not protected by PPE | gamma |
| a substance's propensity to release energy or undergo change (self-reaction, polymerization) | reactivity |
| describes the sensivity of a material to water without the addition of heat or confinement | water reactivity |
| sometimes referred to as tear gas; chemical compounds that temporarily make people unable to function by causing irritation to the eyes, mouth, lungs, throat and skin | riot control agents |
| hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. also called alkanes or paraffin hydrocarbons (methane & butane( | saturated hydrocarbons |
| unsaturated hydrocarbons; have at least 1 multiple bond between 2 carbon atoms in the molecule which causes them to be more hazardous | unsaturated hydrocarbons |
| material that contain the benzene "ring"; formed by 6 atoms with double bonds. Greatest hazard is toxicity | aromatic hydrocarbons |
| when the teperature is reached by some portion of the mass of the organic peroxide | self-accelerating decomposition temperature |
| the ability of a substance to form a solution with water | solubility |
| mixture in which all of the ingredients are completely dissolved | solution |
| pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid | slurry |
| weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water | specific gravity |
| the concentration of a solution. also degree of acid or base in water | strength |
| ability of a substance to change from the solid to the vapor phase without passing through the liquid phase | sublimination |
| influences the hazards present and the measures taken to control an incident that involves that product | temperature of product |
| byproducts of combustion process that are harmful to humans. | toxic products of combustion |
| weight of vapor compared to air | vapor density |
| force exerted by the gas or vapor released by a liquid or solid substance in a closed container space | vapor pressure |
| these agents are extremely toxic, with the symptoms of exposure not appearing for minutes, hours or days | vesicants (blister agents) |
| measure of the thickness of a liquid, determines how easily it flows. Will affect the flow away from a leaking container | viscosity |
| ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state. Will affect dispersement in air and expand the endagered area | volatility |
| measurements of radioactivity. Number of atoms in a given quantity of radioactive material that are detected to have decayed in one minute | counts per minute (cpm) & kilocounts per min (kcpm) |
| maximum level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for 30 minutes and escape without suffering | immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) value |
| incubation period is the latency between exposure to a pathogen and onset of symptoms | incubation period |
| amount of a pathogen necessary to manifest it's pathogenicity. dependent on pathogen variables as well as host variables | infectious dose |
| The amount of a material in the air that is expected to kill 50% of a group | lethal concentration (LC50) |
| Causes death of 50% of a group by any route than inhalation | Lethal dose (LD50) |
| the ratio of the amount of one substance to the amount of another | parts per million (ppm) |
| number of units of one substance relative to one billion units of another substance | parts per billion (ppb) |
| regulatory limits of concentration in the air; 8-hr workday to 40-hr workweek | Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) |
| equals energy absorption of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material (erg = unit of work, rad = largely obsolete unit) | radiation absorbed dose (rad) |
| an international unit of the intensity of x-rays and gamma rays | (Rem); Millrem (mrem) |
| maximum concentration to which a healthy adult can be exposed without risk of injury and the exposure to higher concentrations should not occur | threshold limit value ceiling (TLV-C) |
| maximum average concentration; averaged over a 15-minute period to which healthy adult cna safely exposed for up to 15 inutes continuously. exposure shouldn't last more than 4X per day with 1hr between exposure | Threshold limit value short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL) |
| the maximum concentration averaged over 8 hours to which a healthy adult can be r |
Created by:
SoCo711
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