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Anatomy Chap 1
Human Anatomy
| Term | definition |
|---|---|
| Herophilus | First scientist to dissect both human and animal |
| Pelops | Taught anatomy to Galen |
| Vesalius | "Reformer of Anatomy" |
| Da Vinci | Considered one of the greatest anatomist and biologist of all time |
| Anatomy | study of structure |
| Physiology | study of the function of body structures |
| Microscopic Anatomy | Structure not visible to the naked eye |
| Cytology | study of cells |
| Histology | study of tissue |
| Gross(Macroscopic) Anatomy | study of body structures visible to the naked eye |
| Developmental Anatomy | Study of structural changes in the body between conception and maturation |
| Embryology | Study of origin and development of the organism from fertilization of the oocyte until birth |
| Pathologic Anatomy | Study of characteristic changes that happen during illness |
| Radiographic Anatomy | Anatomic structures of features observed by non invasive procedures, such as ultrasound and x rays |
| Regional Anatomy | Gross anatomy of all structures, external and internal, in one region of the body, such as upper limb; ex. skin, connective tissue, fat, bones muscles, nerves, and blood vessels of the neck |
| Surface Anatomy | Superficial anatomic markings and gross anatomy of internal structures relative to overlying skin surface |
| Surgical Anatomy | Anatomic landmarks used prior to surgery |
| Systemic Anatomy | Gross anatomy of all components of an organ system |
| Level of Organization | Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| Atom | smallest units of matter |
| Molecule | two or more atoms combined |
| Cell | the basic units of structure and function in organisms |
| Tissue | precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions |
| Organs | two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions |
| Anatomic Position | standing upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor; palms facing forward, arms at side |
| Metabolism | the sum of all the chemical and physical changes that take place within the body |
| Coronal Plane | vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; also called frontal |
| Transverse Plane | cuts perpendicularly along the axis of the body or organ; also know as cross-sectional or horizontal |
| Sagittal Plane | extends through body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves; also known as median plane |
| Midsagittal Plane | sagittal plane in the body mid line |
| Oblique Plane | passes through specimen at an angle |
| Cranial Cavity | formed by the cranium and houses the brain, cranial meninges, endocrine glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, blood roots of cranial nerves |
| Vertebral Cavity | formed by the individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord, spinal meninges, blood vessels, lymph vessels, roots of spinal nerves |
| Ventral Cavity | arises from a space called the coelom that forms during embryonic development |
| Mediastinum | median space in the thoracic cavity; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart |
| Pericardium | two layered serous membrane that encloses the heart |
| Parietal pericardium | outermost layer and forms a sac around the heart |
| Parietal layer | lines the internal surface of the body wall |
| Visceral layer | covers the external surface of the organs (viscera) within the cavity |
| Serous cavity | a "potential space" containing a lubricating film of serous fluid that is secreted by the cells of the serous membranes |
| Visceral pericardium | forms the hearts external surface; a;so known as epicardium |
| Pericardial cavity | potential space between the the parietal and visceral pericardia; contains serous fluid |
| Pleura | two layered serous membranes that line the lungs |
| Parietal pleura | lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall |
| Visceral pleura | covers the external surface of the lung |
| Pleural cavity | narrow, moist, potential space between the parietal and visceral pleurae; location of the lubricating serous fluid |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| Abdominal cavity | contains most of the organs of the digestive system, kidneys, and ureters of the urinary system |
| Pelvic cavity | contains the distal part of the large intestine, urinary bladder and urethra, and the internal reproductive organs |
| Peritoneum | moist, two layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Parietal peritoneum | lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Visceral peritoneum | en sheathes the external surfaces of most digestive organs |
| Peritoneal cavity | potential space between the parietal and visceral cavities; where lubrication is stored |
| Epigastric region | superior region in the middle column; contains part of the liver, part of the stomach, the duodenum, part of the pancreas, and both adrenal glands |
| Umbilical region | middle region in the middle column; contains the transverse colon, part of the small intestine, and the branches of the blood vessels to the lower limbs |
| Hypogastric region | inferior region in the middle column. contains part of the small intestine, the urinary bladder, and the sigmoid colon of the large intestine |
| Right hypochondriac region | superior region lateral to the epigastric; contains part of the liver, the gallbladder, and part of the right kidney |
| Left hypochondriac region | superior region lateral to the epigastric region; contains part of the stomach, the spleen, the left colic flexure of the large intestine, and part of the left kidney |
| Right lumbar region | middle regions lateral to the umbilical region; contains ascending colon and the right colic flexure of the large intestine, the superior part of the cecum, part of the right kidney, and part of the small intestine |
| Left lumbar region | middle region lateral to the umbilical region; contains descending colon, part of the left left kidney, and part of the small intestine |
| Right iliac region | inferior lateral to hypogastric region; contains inferior end of the cecum, the appendix, and part of the small intestine |
| Left Iliac Region | inferior lateral to the hypogastric region; contains junction parts of the colon, part of the small intestine |
| Boundaries for Cranial cavity | P & A-cranium; I-cranial bones & imaginary line at base of skull; L & S- cranium |
| Boundaries for Vertebral canal | PAIL- vertebral bones; S-imaginary horizontal line at base of skull or @ the superior aspect of the atlas |
| Boundaries of the Thoracic Cavity | PAL-Rib cage; I- diaphragm; S-pectoral girdle |
| Boundaries for the Abdominal-pelvic Cavity | S-diaphragm; A-abdominal wall; PL-abdominal wall and several bones; I-several bones and soft tissue |
| Retroperitoneal Cavity | contains pancreas; duodenum; kidneys; adrenal glands; ascending, descending and transverse colon; sigmoid colon; rectum |
Created by:
kimaw1313
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